AFFECTIONS AND JEALOUSIES OF LIZARDS. 395 

 AFFECTIONS AND JEALOUSIES OF LIZARDS. 



By M. J. DELBOEUF. 



WHILE the possession of articulate language marks man as 

 distinct from other animals, it seems certain to me that he 

 and they are formed upon the same pattern so far as relates to 

 sensations and feelings. This will hardly be contested as to sen- 

 sations. Animals that have no eyes have of course no sensations 

 of sight such as clear-seeing ones possess, and we have not the 

 highly developed sense of direction of birds of passage and carrier 

 pigeons ; but these may be cultivated, and we are told that the 

 American Indians have the sense of direction in an astonishing 

 degree and can track their enemy as a dog does a hare. We 

 have, it is true, some difficulty in conceiving the nature of the 

 dog's power of scent, and it is possible that ants and bees have 

 other senses than those we have ; but these differences, marked as 

 they may be, are at the bottom quantitative and not qualitative. 

 Perhaps a slight modification of some part or another of the sen- 

 sorial apparatus would give us sensations now strange to us. 



Of the feelings, we find in all the higher animals those of love, 

 friendship, hatred, anger, devotion, courage, suspicion, jealousy, 

 cunning, fear, rancor, and pity. Some hens show a marked predi- 

 lection for their chickens. The contrary also appears. There are 

 stepmothers among hens, dogs, and cats. There are also feelings 

 devious as to their object. The child adores its doll ; a dog may 

 be attached to a stick. 



These various feelings are manifest also in the lower animals, 

 as my continuous observations on my captive lizards, concern- 

 ing which I have published several articles, have tended to prove. 



My first two lizards had been captured, one in the Spanish 

 Pyrenees and the other at Tarn, in France ; wherefore I called 

 them the Spanish and the French lizards, but afterward gave them 

 the names of Pedro and Pierre. I was surprised on the very first 

 day that I occupied myself with their education to observe the 

 absolute contrariety of their characters and dispositions. Pierre, 

 won over at once by the honeyed dainties I offered him, soon 

 became accustomed to let himself be handled without trying to 

 bite or run away, and to hide himself in my clothes, prefer- 

 ring the back, where it was warmer. Pedro, wild and untam- 

 able, if one tried to catch him, withdrew into a corner, and then 

 stretching his paws in front of him, his eye glistening and his 

 mouth wide open, hissing, springing at the hand that came near 

 him, and, if he bit it, holding firmly and causing the blood to 

 flow, revealed a resolution that even impressed the young men 

 in my laboratory. 



