428 



POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



his daughter gave their services gratuitously^ ' 

 The experiment was regarded with great in- 

 terest, and more than sixty ladies, "repre- 

 senting the culture and intelligence of the 

 city," began practical designing and carv- 

 ing. The class grew and numbered one hun- 

 dred and even more for years. Ninety-five 

 per cent of the pupils were women. Etch- 

 ing and hammered metal work were soon 

 added to the studies, and china painting was 

 taken up in 1875. In the fall of that year 

 a considerable sum of money was raised by 

 gift and the sale of beautiful examples of 

 china painting, which went to the fund for 

 the erection of the Woman's Pavilion of the 

 Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition. More 

 than one hundred specimens of china paint- 

 ing were included in the Cincinnati school 

 exhibit at Philadelphia. No woman's product, 

 distinctively American, has perhaps attained 

 such repute as the Rockwood pottery of Cin- 

 cinnati. " Its celebrity is due to varied 

 causes. Excellence in material, form, firing, 

 and glaze are points of superiority necessary 

 to success, but that which has mainly con- 

 tributed to its renown is unquestionably its 

 realistic style of decoration," which " appeals 

 to a newly awakened intelligence which ap 

 predates original, careful, and truthful stud- 

 ies from Nature." 



An Ethnological Storehonse. An " eth- 

 nological storehouse " is urged by Prof. W. J. 

 Flinders Petrie as necessary by reason of the 

 impossibility of preserving more than a small 

 portion of the material for anthropology in 

 the very limited area of London or town 

 museums. This leaves only two alternatives 

 the destruction of material which can never 

 be replaced, illustrative of modern races now 

 fast disappearing, and ancient races as re- 

 vealed by excavation ; or the storing of such 

 materials accessible in a locality and a man- 

 ner which shall yield the greatest possible 

 storage space for a given expenditure. Such 

 a repertory might be solely anthropological, 

 including an example of every variety of ob- 

 ject of human work of all ages, or it might 

 be extended to zoology, mineralogy, and 

 geology. The least to be expected from such 

 a place would be to store the surplus objects 

 which can not find place in existing museums. 

 Its greatest development, however, would be 

 to form a systematic collection of man's 



work, ancient and modern, reserving to ex- 

 isting museums such objects as illustrate the 

 subject best to the general public, and such 

 as need the protection due to their market 

 value; and these could be properly i-epre- 

 sented in the repository collection by photo- 

 graphs. If fully developed, such a repository 

 would become a center for study and higher 

 scientific education. The author proposed a 

 site of five hundred acres within easy reach 

 of London, on which buildings could be 

 erected as needed. The features in favor of 

 the project and against it were discussed in 

 the British Association, and some substitute 

 propositions were offered ; but Prof. Petrie 

 pronounced the last mere palliatives, which 

 did not touch the broad view. 



Insect Enemies of the Grape. An inter- 

 esting article by C. L. Marlatt on the Princi- 

 pal Enemies of the Grape has recently ap- 

 peared in the Year Book of the United States 

 Department of Agriculture. The rapid 

 growth of the vine industry in this country 

 and the increasing cultivation of the less 

 vigorous European grapes have combined to 

 make the above subject one of considerable 

 commercial importance. Nearly two hundred 

 different insects have already been listed as 

 occurring on the vine in this country ; few of 

 these, however, are very serious enemies, 

 being either of rare occurrence or seldom 

 numerous. The principal enemies of the 

 grape-grower are the grape phylloxera, the 

 grapevine fidia, both chiefly destructive to 

 the roots ; the cane borer, destructive par- 

 ticularly to the young shoots ; the leaf 

 hopper, the flea beetle, rose chafer with its 

 allies, and leaf folder, together with hawk 

 moths and cut worms, and the grape-berry 

 moth, the principal fruit pest. The extent 

 of the loss that frequently results from the 

 ravages of these insects is something enor- 

 mous. The phylloxera, when at its worst, 

 had destroyed in France seme 2,500,000 

 acres of vineyards, representing an annual 

 loss in wine products of the value of $150,- 

 000,000, and the French Government had 

 expended up to 1895 in phylloxera work 

 over $4,500,000, and remitted taxes to the 

 amount of $3,000,000 more. The leaf de- 

 foliators, as the rose chafer and flea beetle, 

 frequently destroy or vastly injure the crops 

 over large disti'icts, and the little leaf hop- 



