458 



POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



and Portugal, we shall discover that historical causes alone have 

 determined this curious linguistic distribution. 



The three great languages in the Iberian Peninsula Castilian 

 or Spanish, Portuguese, and Catalan correspond respectively to 

 the three political agencies which drove out the Moorish invaders 

 from the ninth century onward from three different directions 

 and from distinct geographical centers. The mountains of Ga- 

 licia, in the extreme northwest, served as the nucleus of the 

 resistant power which afterward merged itself in the Portuguese 





^ K.YMR1C 



^^m 



Keltic Place HAHts 



AND iPEtCH 



^ Keltic Place names alone 







Tevtonic Village 



names althovoh 

 many keltic . . 



NAMES OF NATVR.AL 

 FEATUR.E5 . 



f GAELIC 5PEECHBVT 

 TEVTONIC PLACE 

 NAMES 



monarchy. Castile in the central north was the asylum of the 

 refugees, expelled from the south by the Saracens, who afterward 

 reasserted themselves in force under the leadership of the kings 

 of Castile. Aragon in the northeast, whose people were mainly of 

 Catalan speech, which they had derived from the south of France, 

 during their temporary forced sojourn in that country while the 

 Moors were in active control of Spain, was a base of supplies for 

 the third organized opposition to the invaders. Each of these 

 political units, as it reconquered territory from the Moors, im- 



