THE RACIAL GEOGRAPHY OF EUROPE. 



585 



tribes of America have average indices between 79 and 83. Many- 

 American peoples among whom customs of cranial deformation 

 prevail are able artificially to raise their indices to 90 or even 95 ; 

 but such monstrosities should be excluded for the present, since 

 we are studying normal types of man alone. Translated into 

 words, this means that the American Indians should all be classi- 

 fied together as, in a sense, a secondary race. 



With them we may place the great group of men which in- 

 habits the islands of the Pacific. These people manifest even 

 clearer than do the American Indians that they are an intermedi- 

 ate type. They are, however, more unstable as a race, especially 



Kalmuck Gikl, Western Asia. Cephalic Index, 86. 



lacking homogeneity. They seem to be compounded of the Asi- 

 atic and Melanesian primary racial elements in varying propor- 

 tions. It is the most discouraging place in the world to measure 

 types of head, because of their extreme variability. We shall 

 have occasion shortly to compare certain of their characteristics 

 other than the head form with those of the people of Europe. 

 This we shall do in the attempt to discover whether these last 

 are also a secondary race, or whether they are entitled to a differ- 

 ent place in the human species. We shall then see that one can 

 not study Europe quite by itself without gaining thereby an en- 

 tirely false idea of its human history. 



Before proceeding to discuss the place which Europe occupies 

 in our racial series, it may be interesting to point out certain 

 curious parallelisms between the geographical localization of the 

 several types of head form and the natural distribution of the 



