i66 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



And tlien in a subsequent chapter on "Altruistic Sentiments" 

 sentiments all liaving their roots in sympathy there is a delinea- 

 tion of the ways in which these stand related to social evolution. 



We come now to a still larger mass of evidence directly dis- 

 proving the statement that I have "made no attempt to affiliate 

 sociology upon psychology." On passing to the Principles of 

 Sociology itself I have, in setting forth its data, dealt elaborately 

 with certain further psychological dependencies. After pre- 

 liminary chapters come three entitled respectively " The Primi- 

 tive Man Physical," " The Primitive Man Emotional," and 

 "The Primitive Man Intellectual": a fact which implies full 

 recognition of the psychological factors. But this is far from 

 being all. There follows a chapter which begins with the sen- 

 tence : " Yet a further preparation for interpreting social phe- 

 nomena is needful ;" and the preparation thereupon commenced is 

 an account of " Primitive Ideas." After 30 pages describing the 

 genesis of these, come seventeen chapters setting forth the result- 

 ing development of ancestor-worship and the accompanying 

 superstitions. More than 300 pages are thus occupied ; avowedly 

 because the conduct of men in society can not be understood 

 ^^ntil the natures of these primitive beliefs and accompanying 

 emotions are understood. Sentences from the succeeding chapter 

 on " The Scope of Sociology " run : 



'* And now observe the g'eneral conclusion reached. It is that while the 

 conduct of the primitive man is in part determined by the feelings with 

 which he regards men around him ; it is in part determined by the feelings 

 with which he regards men who have passed away. From these two sets 

 of feelings, result two all-important sets of social factors. While the fear 

 of the living becomes the root of the political control, the fear of the dead 

 becomes the root of religious control." ( 209.) 



In pursuance of these general conclusions there are given in sub- 

 sequent parts of the work various illustrations of the ways in 

 which these psychological factors conduce to social evolution 

 as in the chapter on " Political Heads " ( 477, 482) ; as in the 

 chapter on " Laws " ( 529, 535) ; as in the whole division on " Ec- 

 clesiastical Institutions " ; and in many less conspicuous places. 



How has it been possible for these misconceptions to have 

 arisen ? is a question that necessarily suggests itself. Among 

 causes to be considered is the occurrence of two chapters in The 

 Study of Sociology entitled respectively "Preparation in Biol- 

 ogy" and "Preparation in Psychology." In the first of these, 

 along with avowed dissent from certain of M. Comte's sociological 

 views, there goes applause of him for having "set forth with 

 comparative definiteness the connection between the science of 

 life and the science of society " ; and again, concerning his gen- 

 eral conception, it is said that " among other of its superiorities 



