THE PHYSIOLOGY OF ALCOHOL. 801 



them, possibly because so much quieter than the normals, but 

 practically none of the dogs has " missed a meal." 



Again, by a substantial favor on the part of Mr. Browning, I 

 was able to obtain Topsy II, also Tipsy's sister, from the same 

 litter. While Topsy II has thus had a somewhat different life 

 for a time, in form and weight she makes a much more compar- 

 able match for Tipsy so that, hard as it seemed at the time, 

 " Little " Topsy's death has undoubtedly resulted in a fairer set- 

 ting for the experiment. 



So much, then, for the side of purely physical growth, and 

 there is in it little consolation for those who are wont to recite 

 the " stunting " and the disease-inducing effects of alcoholic indul- 

 gence. But we are engaged in a search for truth, and not for 

 consolation. 



Still another line of physical evidence remains to be ex- 

 amined, which bears closely upon the deepest psychic functions 

 of animal life. 



What is the sexual and reproductive history of our ani- 

 mals ? 



Sexual periods are indicated upon the chart, and stars occur- 

 ring in Topsy's and Tipsy's curves of growth signify whelping, the 

 number of stars corresponding with the number of whelps. From 

 the chart we may read that Tipsy failed to conceive at the first 

 season, while Topsy conceived normally. Mr. Browning has 

 investigated the matter for me both in his own and other ken- 

 nels, and is able to state that 



failure under these conditions ^P^''^^^^piii''iiL.^"-Wi 

 is rare, probably not occurring W ^l^^'^ X 



in ten per cent of the cases. 

 Controlled as the experiment is, 

 this may indicate a tendency in 

 alcoholic animals toward steril- 

 ity. But, reading further along 

 in the chart, we are forced to 

 yield all benefits of this doubt 

 when we find Tipsy bringing 

 into the world no less than seven .. ia t- n f^i ,. icqp 



iiG. 10. iipsy, October, 1896. 



puppies. Since completing this 



draft of the chart, Topsy II has whelped for the first time, Octo- 

 ber 27th, giving birth to five, and Tipsy has whelped a second 

 time, giving birth again to seven. 



Comparing the puppies of the first litters, Tipsy's weighed 

 together 1,470 grammes, averaging 210, and Topsy's 1,080, averag- 

 ing 216 grammes. Topsy also had the smallest puppy born 120 

 grammes Tipsy's smallest weighing 190. Tipsy has also the 

 honor of owning the largest puppy born, 265 grammes, Topsy's 



