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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



countable fear, this cringing and trembling like a Chinese cul- 

 prit before his executioner. (See Figs. 15, 16, and 17.*) 



Some may contend that the dogs were not comparable in the 

 first place. This, of course, is possible, but I do not feel that in 

 this respect the experiment could have been improved upon. The 



Fig. 15. Bum, November, 1895. 



presumption is, in fact, very strong against any such interpreta- 

 tion of the facts. 



I can conceive of no other interpretation than the evident one, 

 viz., that we have to do here with one of the physiological causes 



* For want of space we are obliged to omit the two figures with which it was intended 

 these should be compared. They represent Nig and Topsy sidewise, standing naturally, 

 and with no signs of fear. 



A word may not be amiss at just this point as to my method of obtaining the photo- 

 graphs. Mr. C. C. Stewart manipulated the camera, while I controlled the dogs, in procur- 

 ing the negatives for Figs. (5 and 8. All the rest I took myself, most of them alone, a 

 few with Mrs. Hodge's help. It was recognized from the first that all the dogs must be 

 treated exactly alike, and the rule was laid down at the beginning that, no matter how 

 badly they behaved, no spatting, not even a sharp word, should be indulged in while they 

 were on the photographing stand. The whole procedure was given the character of a 

 frolic, in which, when they " sat still and looked pretty," bits of meat or biscuit were 

 given to all alike, and no punishment or reproof was administered on any account. I may 

 have failed unconsciously, but, if I did, it was with the irrepressibles, Topsy and Nig, and 

 not with Tipsy or Bum. 



Furthermore, nothing of the nature of " intoxication effect " was possible in any of the 

 photographs. As stated above, the dogs were given their alcohol at evening, and then not in 

 doses sufficient to produce intoxication, and the pictures were taken about noon. And, 

 further, for several of the pictures, notably 6, 8, 14, and 15), alcohol was purposely omitted 

 the night before. 



