TEE PEOPLING OF THE PHILIPPINES. 357 



ones, which, also, is not common. I must leave it undecidecl whether 

 the sharpening is done by filing or by breaking off pieces from 

 the sides. The latter should be in general far more frequent. In 

 every case the otherwise broad and flat teeth are brought to such 

 sharp points as to project like those of the carnivorous animals. I 

 have met with this condition several times on Negrito skulls and fur- 

 nished illustrations of them.* On a Zambal skull, excavated by Dr. 

 A. B. Meyer and which I lay before you, the deformation is easy to be 

 seen. I called attention at the time to the fact that among the Malays 

 an entirely different method of modifying the teeth is in vogue, in 

 which a horizontal filing on the front surface is practised and the sharp 

 lower edge is straightened and widened. Already the elder Thevenot 

 has accentuated this contrast when he says : 



"These cause the teeth to be equal, those file them to points, giving 

 them the shape of a saw."f 



This difference appears to have held on till the present; at least 

 no skull of an Indio is known to me with similar deformation of the 

 teeth. This custom of the Negritos is so much more remarkable since 

 the chipping of the corners of the teeth is widely spread among the 

 African blacks. 



The other part of the body used most for deformation — the skull — 

 is in strong contrast to the last-named custom. Deformed crania, 

 especially from older times, are quite numerous in the Philippines; 

 probably they belong exclusively to the Indies. If they exist among 

 the Negritos, I do not know it; the only exception comes from the 

 Tinguianes, of whom J. de los Eeyes reports their skulls are flattened 

 behind (por detras oprimido). Such flattening is found, however, not 

 seldom among tribes who have the practise of binding children on 

 hard cradle boards — chiefly among those families who keep their 

 infants a long time on such contrivances. A sure mark by which to 

 discriminate accidental pressure of this sort from one intentionally 

 produced is not at hand; it may be that in accidental deformation 

 oblique position of the deformed spot is more frequent; at any rate, 

 the difference in the Philippines is a very striking one, since there not 

 so much the occiput as the front and middle portions suffer from the 

 disfigurements, and thereby deformations are produced that have 

 bad their most perfect expression among the ancient Peruvians and 

 other American tribes. 



I have discussed cranial deformation of the Americans in greater 

 detail, where I exhibit the accidental and the artificial (intentional) 



* Abhandlung iiber alte und neue Schadel, in F. Jagor's Reisen in den 

 Pfeilippinen. Berlin, 1873, p. 374, PI. II, figs. 4 and 5. 



tG. A. Baer (Verhandl. d. Berliner Anthrop. Gesellscliaft, 1879, p. 331) 

 says that such an operation obtains only among Negritos of pure blood. 



