WHITE AND COLORED CHILDREN 77 



Hour — for — we — early — at — park — an — started — the. T — asked — paper — my — 

 have — teacher — correct — the — I. A — defends — dog — good — his — bravely — master. 

 Twelve Years: (1) Repeat the following seven figures: 2, 9, 4, 6, 3, 7, 5. 1, 

 6, 9, 5, 8, 4, 7. 9, 2, 8, 5, 1, 6, 4. (2) What is charity, justice, goodness? (3) 

 Repetition of a sentence of 26 syllables. (4) A booklet of six pages contains 

 two horizontal lines on each. On the first three pages the right line is half an 

 inch longer than the left, on the last three the lines are of equal length. The 

 object is to see whether the child will be able to resist the suggestion of the 

 first three pages and see the lines on the last three as equal. (5) A person who 

 was walking in the forest at Fontainebleau suddenly stopped much frightened 

 and hastened to the nearest police and reported that he had seen hanging from 

 the limb of a tree a — what? My neighbor has been having strange visitors. He 

 has received one after the other a physician, a lawyer and a clergyman. What 

 has happened at the house of my neighbor? 



The mental age of the child is determined by the highest group of 

 tests he can pass successfully. Only one failure is permitted in each 

 group. If in addition to passing his group successfully the child passes 

 as many as five tests in higher groups he is given an additional year's 

 credit. Thus, if a seven-year-old child pass all or all but one of the 

 seven-year tests and three of the eight and two of the nine-year tests he 

 is rated eight years mentally. Or if he misses two tests in his group, 

 and therefore fails, but passes five tests in higher groups he is rated as 

 normal. If he is more than three years backward he is mentally defect- 

 ive. The tests begin with the group corresponding to the child's phys- 

 ical age, e. g., a child eight years old is tested first with the eight year 

 old tests, and then with the seven or nine, as the case may require. 



The results of the investigation upon the white and colored children 

 may be briefly summarized as follows : 



Colored, White, 



'Percent. Per Cent. 



More than one year backward 29.4 10.2 



Satisfactory 69.8 84.4 



More than one year advanced 0.8 5.3 



The number of white children testing at age is decidedly larger than 

 any other group, whereas for the colored children the largest group is 

 the one testing one year below age. In the satisfactory group there is 

 a difference of nearly 15 per cent, between the white and colored; 

 nearly three times as many colored are more than a year backward, and 

 less than 1 per cent, are more than a year advanced. 



The picture tests gave the colored children considerable trouble, 

 probably due to difference in racial esthetics. The tests relating to 

 time and money, distinguishing between morning and afternoon, enu- 

 merating the months, counting stamps and making change, the draw- 

 ing tests, both copying and reproducing from memory were all too 

 difficult. The answers to the questions of comprehension, to the absurd 

 statements and to the problems of various facts, were often absurd or 

 senseless; the best replies, however, compare very favorably with those 



