The Scottish Naturalist. 



207 



or two orange coloured larvae of the midge, which pupate in the 

 ground. Most of the galls in the beginning of September were 

 empty. Usually only one carpel in a flower is galled, the rest 

 remaining untouched ; but sometimes two or more may be affected. 

 Mr. Fitch has recorded similar (?) galls on T/i. flcxuosum as found 

 by Dr. Power in Scotland. (Ent. Monthly Magazine, vol. xviii. 

 p. 116.) 



CARDAMINE PRATENSIS L.— The flower-buds are galled 

 by Cecidcmyia Cardaminis Winn. They become deformed and 

 swollen, reaching 8 or 9 mm. in diameter. They never open, but 

 remain of a rounded or ovate form. All parts of the bud become 

 thick and fleshy, the outer sepals usually enlarging more than the 

 inner. The sepals remain green, or they may be reddish-brown 

 in part. The apical half of the petals is visible, of a dull purple- 

 red colour, with a border of the usual shade. The orange- red 

 larvae lie between all parts of the flower-bud, there being often as 

 many as 20 or 30 in a bud. They pass into the ground to pupate. 

 These galls were very common in June, 1882, and again in 1883, 

 in damp places on Scotston Moor, near Aberdeen ; usually from 

 2 to 6 of the lower buds in each inflorescence were called. Mr. 



to' 



Peter Inchbald has recorded in the " Entomologist ' : his finding 

 these galls in England in 1882, and again in 1883. 



VIOLA LUTEA Huds. — The margins of the leaves are rolled 

 spirally upwards and inwards, usually along the whole length of 

 the leaf, sometimes along only a part of the leaf on one side. 

 The tube thus formed may reach imm. in diameter. On trans- 

 verse section there are found to be 2 or 2 \ turns in the spiral. 

 The galled portion is rather fleshy in texture, and the surface is 

 somewhat uneven, and is paler green than the rest of the leaf, but 

 the gall is very inconspicuous. In the tube lie several mites of 

 the genus Phytoptus. 



I have met With these galls on a hill beside Glen Callater, in 



Aberdeenshire, at 2000 feet above the sea, and on Ben Lawers, in 



Perthshire, at 3500 feet above the sea ; in both cases in autumn, 



1882. Dr. Fr. Thomas (Nova Acta Leop. Carol. Akad xxxviii., 



p. 282), has described similar galls on V. silvestris from Germany 



and from the Tyrol, where I have myself found the latter gall 



near Salzburg. 



STELLARIA HOLOSTEA, L.— | ~ rf . 



CERASTIUM TRFVIALE Lk ._ } On these two plants, as 



has been indeed already noted in this magazine (vol. iv.,/. 13), 

 under the former plant, on which especially they abound, one 



