The Scottish Naturalist. 2 1 1 



comes nearest to (/>), but differs from it in aspect decidedly. The 

 flower-buds alone are attacked, but frequently the whole inflor- 

 escence is affected, and remains short and stunted, forming a 

 rounded mass. Sometimes the gall remains green, though usually 

 it becomes reddish brown in colour. Each inflorescence forms 

 a mass about 5mm. in diameter. The flowers open, but all their 

 parts are slightly fleshy and remain abortive, with no marked 

 differences in colour. 



I could not find any trace in Braemar of gall (a), but in autumn 

 of 1882 I found them near Aberdeen, and had previously found 

 them in Orkney. Of gall (d) I did not find any trace either near 

 Aberdeen or in Orkney. The latter gall has been described from 

 various localities on the Continent. The mites live in the flowers. 



LEONTODON AUTUMNALIS L. :— 



On this plant I found mite-galls on the leaves in considerable 

 numbers in the beginning of October, 1883, among low growing 

 grasses on the cliffs of the Kincardineshire coast near Aberdeen. 

 The galls consist of the leaf-margins altered so as to become 

 thickened, fleshy, and dull red or purple. The surface of the gall 

 is covered with abundant red hairs, which give it a slightly velvety 

 appearance. Very frequently the margin of the leaf is rolled up- 

 wards and inwards, in some cases for the greater part of its length. 

 Occasionally the galls are hardly larger than a pin's head, but 

 usually they are over an inch in length : but they are never con- 

 spicuous. On microscopic examination of the gall, the mites are 

 to be found in small numbers among the hairs. On section the 

 tissues in the interior of the leaf are found little altered, though 

 the epiderms on both surfaces are much modified, and the 

 hypoderm is thickened, and has its cells slightly enlarged and 

 modified in shape. I can find no previous record of the occurrence 

 of galls on this plant. 



HYPOCHOERIS RADICATA L. :— 



(a) Galled ovary (Sc. Nat. IV, 16.) 



(b) Leaf-galls caused by Anguillulidce belonging to the genus 

 Tytenchus, Externally they are small thickenings, usually near or 

 around the mid-rib, about 2 to 5 mm. long by twice the thickness 

 of the mid-rib. The surface differs little from that of the rest 

 of the leaf, save in its yellowish green colour. In structure it 

 much resembles the gall on Hitracium Pilosella next to be 

 described. The galls were not rare on a spot on the Links north 

 of Aberdeen in August, and one specimen was found in Rannoch 



