128 



THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 



of this station in the region where so much work of value had already 

 been accomplished. It was not possible to have a good marine station 

 nearer Stockholm on the east coast because the waters of the Baltic in 

 former times was a vast lake and now receiving the outflow of many 

 rivers, has a comparatively small percentage of salt, and consequently its 

 fauna is poor in marine species. The physician A. Eegnell gave the 

 necessary funds to primarily establish the Kristineberg station. 



In 1892 Loven's friend and biographer, Professor Hjalmar Theel, 

 succeeded the founder as director and to him is due the reorganization 

 and enlargement of the station now not only open during the summer 

 for university students and public school teachers, but also all the year 



A Winter View of the Kristineberg Zoological Station. 



for the investigating naturalists. Many animals which in the summer 

 live in the depths in winter come up into the littoral belt, where their 

 life-history can be studied to the best advantage. Almost nothing is 

 known of the fate of the littoral fauna of the shallow bays when in 

 winter the sand and slime in which these animals live is often frozen 

 solid. Professor Theel' s experiment demonstrated that a frozen mass 

 of barnacles will not only resist --18° Centigrade, but revive after the 

 ice melts and leave many young. For the solution of such physiolog- 

 ical problems it is necessary to have the station available in winter as 

 well as in summer. This was made possible in 1901 by a gift of 40,000 

 crowns from Konsul Broms, Ma?cenas of the Swedish expedition to 

 Spitzenbergen and eastern Greenland. The funds were used to the 



