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THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 



Fig. o. East margin of Hubbard Glacier, showing medial and lateral moraines and 



marginal lakes. 



mapped by Messrs. G. K. Gilbert, Henry Gannett and the Harriman 

 Expedition, it had retreated one or two hundred feet more. 4 Between 

 1899 and 1905, when the Hubbard Glacier was studied by Professor 

 E. S. Tarr and the writer, the northwest side seemed to have advanced 

 slightly and the southeast to have retreated. 5 That is, although con- 

 tinually advancing strongly, the glacier had extended its ice cliff far- 

 ther into the fiord only about a quarter mile between 1891 and 1905, 

 because ice was continually being discharged from the end in icebergs. 

 Professor Tarr found very little change between 1905 and 1906, the 

 west half having possibly advanced slightly. 6 It was about the same 

 on this west side in 1909 (Fig. 10). 



Effects of an Eakthquake 



In September, 1899, however, this glacier, with the others in the 

 region, was involved in an abnormal sort of experience which has 

 notably affected its later history. This was a series of severe earth- 

 quakes. 



Just east of the cliff of dirty ice shown in the photographs at the 

 right of Hubbard Glacier (Fig. 11) there is a stagnant ice area which 



* Gilbert, G. K., " Glaciers and Glaciation," Harriman Alaska Expedition, 

 Vol. 3, 1904, pp. G3-66. 



5 Tarr, R. S., and Martin, Lawrence, "Glaciers and Glaciation of Yakutat 

 Bay, Alaska," Bull. Amer. Geog. Soc, Vol. XXXVIII., 1906, pp. 146-147. 



6 Tarr, R. S., Professional Paper 64. U. S. Geol. Survey, 1909, pp. 45-46. 



