THE HUBBARD GLACIER, ALASKA 3°3 



Disenchantment Bay. If avalanches were not abundant enough, how- 

 ever, along its tributaries it ma}' not feel this impulse at all. In 

 any event it will continue to be, as it now is, one of the grand spec- 

 tacles of nature, and worthy of the visits of appreciative men. 



Beginning of Advance 



The last paragraph was written in December, 1908. During the 

 summer of 1909 the National Geographic Society's Alaskan Expedition, 

 in charge of Professor E. S. Tarr and the writer, observed what seems 

 to be the beginning of the advance predicted above, which has been 



Fig. 12. Dark cliff of eastern Hubbard Glacier pushed up through ablation moraine 

 between 1905 and 1909, and marking the beginning of the advance. 



more fully described elsewhere. 7 The stagnant, dark-colored ice shown 

 on the extreme right in Fig. 11 was resuming activity. Breaking had 

 commenced, ice blocks were being pushed up through the morainic cover, 

 as is shown in detail in Fig. 12. Stones were sliding down the surface 

 and revived streams were burying willows growing near the ice front. 

 A renewal of activity was in progress, but how great an advance there 

 may be will not be known till studies can be made in the summer of 

 1910. 



An adjacent ice tongue, the Hidden Glacier, advanced over two 

 miles between 1906 and 1909. If the south side of the Hubbard 

 Glacier advances a mile and half, however, it will override Osier Island 

 once more (Fig. 13). This would change Eussell Fiord southeast of 

 the Hubbard Glacier from an arm of the sea to a fresh-water lake 



'''National Geographic Magazine. Vol. XXI., January, 1910. 



