TEE DENOMINATIONAL COLLEGE 363 



ostracism, he finds it expedient to attend the services. He goes through 

 with song, prayer, responsive reading, or whatever form the exercises 

 may take, carefully concealing his lack of sympathy with them. In 

 this way a definite species of hypocrite is developed. Our colleges, to 

 their unspeakable shame, are full of such products. They occur among 

 instructors as well as students, for the instructors must add to the 

 reasons of the student the additional one that they wish to retain their 

 positions. Consequently such instructors attend and even assist in 

 conducting services with which they do not feel the least genuine sym- 

 pathy. The fault is not that of instructors and students, for they came 

 for educational purposes to an institution which avows that its aim is 

 educational, and that no distinctions are made on account of religious 

 attitude. The fault is that of the college, in bringing to bear a com- 

 pulsion of such a sort that there is no resort but submission and con- 

 sequent hypocrisy. 



Granting, therefore, that the denominational college is a per- 

 nicious and undesirable incubus upon the American system of public 

 instruction, it becomes advisable to define the term more exactly, and 

 to make it more clear that in it are combined church and state 

 inasmuch as religious education and general education are here given 

 in combination, in an institution exempted by law from taxation. The 

 denominational college may then be defined as follows: A general 

 educational institution which (1) was not founded by and is not 

 supported by the state (state in this sense including national, state and 

 municipal governments), which (2) aims to further the cause of some 

 one religion or of some one religious denomination, which (3) holds 

 daily religious services during each college week, which (4) makes some 

 limitation in regard to the church membership of its trustees, president, 

 or teaching force. 



The examples given in this article will be from protestant rather 

 than from catholic or Jewish colleges, simply because the writer is best 

 acquainted with the protestant colleges. The statistics given are based 

 upon those of the United States commissioner of education, who makes 

 his report chiefly concerning protestant and catholic colleges. The 

 conclusions drawn, however, should be the same for all religions and 

 religious denominations. 



Beginning with a consideration of the second clause in our defini- 

 tion, we may see the method in which this is accomplished, from the 

 following quotations. In the original articles of incorporation of a 

 highly reputable college we read as follows : 



The object of this institution shall be to promote the general interests of 

 education and to qualify young men for the different professions and for the 

 honorable discharge of the various duties of life. 



In the historical statement of the catalogue of the same college we 

 find: 



