INSECTS AND ENTOMOLOGISTS 473 



which I accepted a severe reproof concerning a sending of diptera for 

 determination. He had kindly replied to a letter of mine asking for 

 aid and, in return, I had packed a cigar box as full as it would hold 

 of undetermined specimens, big and little. I got it back next mail, 

 and with it a letter. The letter was instructive, very — and if the 

 medicine was bitter, it was at least salutory for I never did the like 

 again, and have never dealt quite so hardly as I might with those who 

 have in later times imposed upon me, as I did upon Dr. Hagen. His 

 library and his collections are at Cambridge, and no one who has not 

 seen both can appreciate the amount and character of the work that 

 the good doctor did during his lifetime. 



Baron von Osten-Sacken was an unusual combination of diplo- 

 matist and entomologist. Of his standing in the former capacity I 

 know nothing; as a dipterist none stands better. To him we owe the 

 early systematic work done in this country and the series of volumes 

 published by the Smithsonian Institution, for even the work of Loew 

 was made available through translation by Osten-Sacken. And so 

 these two pioneers of American dipterology must almost necessarily 

 be considered together, although the influence of Loew could not be 

 so great because of his dependence on a translator in reaching the 

 American public. Shortly before his death Osten-Sacken published 

 his memoirs, which certainly make interesting literature. A large part 

 of his collection is in the museum at Cambridge. 



Among the hymenopterists I can mention only William H. Ash- 

 mead, whose death is so recent that most of us remember him per- 

 sonally, and whose gentle manner and unfailing courtesy endeared him 

 to all who came into contact with him. His work was monumental 

 and his systematic sense so developed that he seized almost at a glance 

 upon the really essential structures of the species studied by him. So 

 constant and persistent a worker was he that, to those of us who 

 knew him personally, the surprise was not that he died so young, but 

 that he lived so long. 



Dr. A. S. Packard, of Brown University, was more than an ento- 

 mologist : he was a biologist and a teacher. His work as a systematist 

 was great; but as a teacher he was greater. And his teaching was not 

 confined to the classroom ; his " Entomology for Beginners," his 

 " Guide to the Study of Insects " and his " Text-book of Entomology " 

 continue his work, though his voice in the classroom is 'hushed. His 

 interests were broad enough to include even the economic side of the 

 subject and he appeared as a member of the TJ. S. Entomological Com- 

 mission, though his part of the work was that which was more technical 

 in the publications. 



I can scarcely avoid referring at least to Dr. S. H. Scudder, 

 although he is yet with us, not only because his work, unfortunately, 



