1898.] 



NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 



33 



Bigelowia graveolens var. albioaulis 

 Gray. 



15 Oct. 1805, on the Colum- 

 bia River. 



Cnicus edulis Gray. 



Carduus or Thistle-Roots, eat- 

 able. Fort Clatsop, March 13, 

 1806. 23 



Eriophyllum caespitosum Dougl. 



On the uplauds on the Koos- 

 kooskee River. June 6, 1806. 



Gaillardia aristata Pursh. 



Rocky Mountains, dry hills. 

 July 7, 1806. 



Grindelia squarrosa Dunal. 



No. 40, taken on the 17th of 

 August, 1804, at our camp near 

 the old Maha village, and is the 

 growth of the prairies. Anony- 

 mous balsamifera, new genus, 

 Prairies; in the camp near the 

 old Maha village. Aug. 17, 1804. 

 [Good specimen]. 



Chrysocoma nauseosa Pall, in 

 herb. Pursh, PI. 517. On the 

 banks of the Missouri. M. Lewis. 

 % . Oct. v. s. in Herb. Lewis. 



Actinella lanata Pursh, Fl. 560. 

 On the high lands of the Koos- 

 kooskee. M. Lewis. % . June, 

 July, v. s. in Herb. Lewis. 24 



Pursh, Fl. 573. On dry hills 

 on the Rocky Mountains. M. 

 Lewis. $ . v.s. in Herb. Lewis. 



Donia squarrosa Pursh, Fl. 

 559. In open prairies on the 

 banks of the Missouri. M. Lewis. 

 % . Aug., Sept., v. s. in Herb. 

 Lewis ; v. v. cult. 



23 Cnicus edulis Gray. 



Only a single leaf, overlooked by Pursh. " Leaves of a thistle ; roots edi- 

 ble. Fort Clatsop, March 13, 1806. The Journal of January 20th says: 

 " The root is the part used. It is nine to fifteen inches long — the size of a 

 man's thumb, perpendicular, fusiform; when first taken from the earth, the 

 root is white, and nearly as crisp as a carrot. In this state it is sometimes 

 eaten without any preparation, but after it is prepared after the same process 

 used for the pashemo-quamash, which is the most usual and best method, it 

 becomes black, but is much improved in flavor. Its taste is exactly that of 

 sugar, and it is indeed the sweetest vegetable employed by the Indians." 

 2i Eriophyllum cccspitosiun Douglas 



Described by Pursh as Actinella lanata, II, 56", "on the uplands on the 

 Kooskooskee, Jwne 6 1806." Pursh says : "on the highlands of the Kooskoos- 

 kee, M. Lewis, June and July." It resembles in habit Pursh's Actinea. A 

 mate to this specimen is in the herbarium of the Academy as " Actinea lanata." 

 From a number of specimens from different localities, those of Lewis differ in 

 having the flower stalks thicken upwardly. 



