356 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [1898. 



neys to Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, France, Belgium, 

 Holland, England, and the United States. 



He wag one of the first Swedish naturalists to accept the glacial 

 theory in place of the theory (by Sefstrom) of the " rullstensflod." 

 Of his works, those which treat of the ice period are the most im- 

 portant. To these, belong "Contribution to the molluscan fauna, 

 with a general view of the natural state of the Arctic Regions," 

 (1859); "Investigations of the Ice Period," 1, (1873), 2, (1873), 

 and 3, (1887) ; and "On the causes of glacial phenomena in the 

 northeastern portion of North America." 



Partly by these works and partly by lectures Torell has, in Swe- 

 den as abroad, powerfully contributed to the dissemination of the 

 theory that the territory of northern Europe, where great blocks of 

 Scandinavian rocks have been found, was formerly covered by land 

 ice, extending from Scandinavia, like the ice in Greenland at the 

 present time, and not, as bad-been formerly supposed, by a frozen 

 sea (Eismeer). 



Among other works of Torell may be mentioned : " On geologi- 

 cal researches in Norway," (1865) ; " Contribution to the geognosy 

 and paleontology of the Spargurite Stages," (1867); "Petrificata 

 Suecana formationis Cambricre," (1870) ; " Sur les traces les plus 

 anciennes de Pexistence de l'homme en Suede," (1876) ; " On the 

 most important crystalline minerals," (1882); "The deposits on 

 both sides of the boundary between Sweden and Norway," (1888). 

 In 1868 the Scientific Society in Haarlem awarded to him its first 

 prize for his work on the origin of the diluvial deposits at Gronin- 

 gen in Holland. 



Dr. Torell is a member of the Royal Society of Sciences of Swedens 

 (1870), of the Agricultural Academy (1872), and of many other 

 scientific societies in Sweden and abroad. 



He is Commander of the Swedish " North Star ; " Grand Officer 

 of the Italian Order of the Crown ; Knight of the second class of 

 the Russian Order of St. Anna ; Commander of the Danish Danne- 

 brog ; Officer of Public Instruction and Officier de la Legion 

 d'honneur. 



August 16. 



Mr. Benjamin Smith Lyman in the Chair. 

 Ten persons present. 

 Papers under the following titles were presented for publication : — 



