BUSINESS, FRIENDSHIP, AND CHARITY. 77 



comes perhaps a machinist's apprentice. As he sweeps the shop, 

 carries tools, and blows the bellows, he sees the firing of the boil- 

 ers, the turning of the wheels and belts, and the men at their work. 

 In time he comes to use tools and lathe himself. His hands be- 

 come deft, and his brain increases in perception of what tools and 

 machines can be made to do ; he is being trained and developed, 

 physically and mentally, to a capacity for increased usefulness, 

 which brings increased reward. This development perhaps may 

 result in the invention of appliances or the discovery of methods 

 whereby greater results may be accomplished with less effort, 

 thereby giving to civilization that extraordinary benefit and ob- 

 taining for himself that extraordinary reward which comes to the 

 inventor. And so, likewise, with all men in all vocations. The 

 printer's devil, step by step, may rise to the foremanship of the 

 composing room, or to the editorship of the paper. The office 

 boy becomes shipping clerk, or bookkeeper, and may acquire that 

 knowledge of commerce and that judgment which fit him to con- 

 trol the operations of a great manufacturing or mercantile estab- 

 lishment. 



Throughout the field of human effort, extraordinary achieve- 

 ment proceeds from a correlation of ideas in an original percep- 

 tion of far-reaching relation of cause and effect that, through 

 nerve and muscle, results in handiwork or delivered word that 

 places that relation in tangible shape for the benefit of mankind. 

 And in any line of human effort extraordinary achievement is 

 usually attained only after years of toil, in which body and brain 

 are trained and tempered to this perception of far-reaching rela- 

 tion of cause and effect and the ability to give it expression. 

 Different individuals, however, attain different degrees of useful- 

 ness, and different degrees of reward; only the few achieve ex- 

 traordinary result, the vast majority in any vocation laboring 

 year after year without more than average achievement or more 

 than average reward. But the work of each brings that which 

 sustains the body ; it gives body and brain the use by which they 

 are exercised and developed ; it contributes to that totality of 

 effort by which all individuals of the civilized world are sus- 

 tained ; and it is by means of toil that civilization is advanced ; 

 that better machines are made ; that better cloths are produced ; 

 that more nutritious food is prepared ; that better houses are 

 built ; that better books are written ; and better songs are better 

 sung. 



In every community different people live in different degrees 

 of comfort. Their habitations vary greatly in size, strength, and 

 durability. Their clothing differs greatly in warmth and adapt- 

 ability, and varies in quantity. There is great variety in the 

 kind and quantity of food which each family can afford, and the 



VOL. XLVII. 7 



