BUSINESS, FRIENDSHIP, AND CHARITY. 85 



the centuries, still influence the mass of mankind. For example, 

 the injunction of the Old Testament, " In the sweat of thy face 

 shalt thou eat bread," which is reiterated from the pulpit as the 

 decree of punishment that weighs as a burden upon mankind, 

 fades in the perception of the grandeur of human effort ; while a 

 deeper significance comes to the injunction, " If any would not 

 work neither should he eat " ; and to the utterance, " Give every 

 man according to his ways and according to the fruit of his 

 doings." The fallacy that work is for hirelings, and the life of a 

 gentleman a life of leisure, falls in the perception that no servi- 

 tude is dishonorable, for from the maid in the kitchen to the 

 statesman in the cabinet the efforts of all are in the service of 

 mankind. The widely prevalent and not infrequently lauded 

 practice in business circles, whereunder each party to every ex- 

 change endeavors to reap the entire benefit, will disappear. The 

 man who ostentatiously disburses in so-called charity the fortune 

 that he has amassed by sharp practice and overbearing greed will 

 be unknown. When all people clearly perceive that they should 

 receive benefit from all in proportion as they contribute to the 

 benefit of all, the core will be reached of the dissatisfaction that 

 breeds jealousy and distrust between the employer and employee, 

 that leads to the grosser forms of socialism and anarchy; and 

 when that perception is carried into practice the core will be re- 

 moved. And not least, many of the accepted opinions in regard 

 to the tenure of property acquired by inheritance will join the 

 crumbled belief in the divine right of kings. 



This essay, however, has not touched upon those actions 

 whereby benefit is conferred by one upon another under the im- 

 mediate relationship of family and marriage. The application of 

 the principle to the elucidation of which it has been devoted can 

 not but constantly be traversed by such actions, which comprise 

 the begetting and rearing of children, the care by one for those 

 who, under family ties, are justly dependent upon him, the trans- 

 fer of property by marriage and inheritance. Did space permit 

 it might be shown that in the last analysis all these actions, 

 which are interwoven with all the other actions of mankind in 

 the continuance and advancement of civilization, rest upon that 

 principle also ; that these, in common with all other actions, con- 

 tribute to ultimate justice to all to the extent that that principle 

 is recognized and given effect. 



One of the most remarkable features of Albanian " full dress " is a petticoat 

 reaching to the knee, made of white linen, sixty yards in width. The weight of 

 the costume is very great; but the more yards in the garment, the greater dandy 

 is the wearer. 



