RACE MIXTURE AND NATIONAL CHARACTER. 87 



continued to the present day. The total immigration since 1820 

 amounts to 15,427,057, and of this number 40'42 per cent came 

 from Great Britain and 29*20 per cent from Germany. Thus 

 Great Britain and Germany have furnished 69'G2 per cent of all 

 the immigration to this country, while Norway and Sweden have 

 supplied but six per cent. But the past decade furnishes statistics 

 of special significance. Between 1881 and 1890 only 27*88 per cent 

 came from Great Britain and 27*69 per cent from Germany. The 

 immigration from Norway and Sweden has increased very much ; 

 while almost all the Hungarians, Italians, and Poles have come 

 during the past decade. Indeed, it is said that in 1890 two thirds 

 of the entire emigration movement of the world was directed 

 toward the United States. The distribution of the foreign ele- 

 ment is confined almost entirely to the Northern and "Western 

 States. In the North Atlantic division 22*34 per cent of the 

 population is foreign born, the proportion ranging from 3077 per 

 cent in Rhode Island to 11*94 per cent in Maine. In the North 

 Central division 18*16 per cent of the proportion is foreign born, 

 the extremes being North Dakota with 44*58 per cent, and Indi- 

 ana with 6*67 per cent. In the "Western division the proportion 

 of foreign born is 25*46 per cent, ranging between 32*61 per cent 

 in Montana to 7*33 per cent in New Mexico. The South Atlantic 

 division has been affected but very little by immigration, only 

 2*35 per cent being foreign born. Of this group of States, Mary- 

 land has the largest proportion, 9*05 per cent, and North Carolina 

 the smallest, with 0*23 per cent. In the South Central division 

 the foreign element is also very slight, being only 2*93 per cent, 

 the greatest proportion being in Texas, where it is 6*84 per cent, 

 and the least in Mississippi, 0*62 per cent. A study of the eleventh 

 census shows that the States which a generation ago attracted 

 foreigners still attract them in almost the same degree. Immi- 

 gration was thus turned to the North and West by economic and 

 climatic conditions. On account of the slave system in the South, 

 there was no inducement for immigrants to locate there; thus 

 the ideas of this section were never modified by foreign influence ; 

 again, the Germans and other immigrants from the northern 

 part of Europe were attracted to the Northwest on account of the 

 climate. Accordingly, the movement of population was west- 

 ward along the parallels. The institutions of the South remained 

 unmodified by the influx of foreigners, and the sections became 

 . more and more estranged, making the civil war possible. 



Another element which enters into the problem is the propor- 

 tions in which the total white population is made up of native 

 whites of native parents and of whites of foreign parentage. 

 This is of great importance, as it presents the distribution of the 

 native and foreign blood throughout the country. In Massa- 



