TRADES AND FACES. 629 



organs of expression to the inner nerve centers, and that in many- 

 cases these are sufficient (even when induced by agencies which 

 must be called external and fortuitous) to give a bias to the 

 mind. When Mr. Du Maurier depicted a small child forcibly- 

 wagging the tail of a big St. Bernard in order to put it in a good 

 humor, most people who laughed at the conceit probably thought 

 that the child's plan was as illogical as that of moving the 

 pointer of a barometer in order to bring about a change in the 

 weather. But it will be seen, when we come to discuss these 

 curious centripetal currents, that this is by no means the case. 

 Indeed, in all probability, some of the mental peculiarities which 

 mark the members of certain professions may be owing to 

 changes which originated primarily in the features. 



Leaving this subject for the present, let us pay attention to 

 some of the face-making forces which act from within. In my 

 previous article a good deal was said about the facial muscles, 

 and the nervous mechanism which controls them. It was ex- 

 plained how a constant succession of stimuli to one set of muscles 

 would, in the course of time, give them a predominant influence, 

 and so bring about a general change of expression. Nowhere 

 can such a result be seen better than in the horsey type above 

 alluded to. Speaking generally, the expression of all men of 

 action is attributable to like causes. In such people the chief 

 motive force is the will, which is continually exerting authority 

 over the man himself, or over other men or things. Hence we 

 find that the expression mechanism which is under the control of 

 the will (consisting chiefly of muscles of the striped variety) is 

 mainly responsible for the result. 



But a little reflection will show that the salient points of many 

 of the typical faces which we constantly see are under but little 

 obligation to these agents of the will. It is beyond the power of 

 the facial muscles shown in works on anatomy to give a man a 

 shiny nose or a double chin, or to affect the tint and general tone 

 of the integument. 



Such changes must be attributed to the influence of the sym- 

 pathetic nervous system, which is practically independent of the 

 will, and which profoundly influences growth and nutrition in 

 all parts of the body. Any one who has looked into a treatise on 

 physiology will have seen diagrams of the sympathetic nervous 

 system, and will have learned that nearly all unconscious organic 

 processes, such as the digestion and assimilation of food, the 

 movements of the heart, the alteration in the caliber of the 

 arteries, and the special functions of innumerable glands, are 

 carried on under its management. He will also have learned 

 that fibers from the sympathetic ganglia frequently join the 

 nerve trunks derived from the brain and spinal cord ; and that 



