TRADES AND FACES. 633 



tional stimuli do not cause any deviation from the type of face 

 which usually characterizes them. If we were to take two individ- 

 uals, one a trained gymnast and the other a clerk with flabby mus- 

 cles, and were to make them exercise one arm, so as to develop 

 it to the fullest extent, there can be no doubt that, when this end 

 was attained, the latter would deviate more noticeably from his 

 usual state than the former. 



From the fact that women are more governed by their emo- 

 tions than men, one might be tempted to jump to the conclusion 

 that constant emotional stimulation of the kind we are discussing 

 would tend to produce an effeminate type of face. But, as a 

 matter of fact, this is only true to a very limited extent. It must 

 be remembered (and this is a point upon which I wish to lay 

 special stress) that artificial emotion such as is evoked by music 

 has to make use of nervous machinery belonging primarily to 

 the body rather than to the soul, and which remains indissolubly 

 connected with certain organic processes common to man and 

 beast. 



Now there can be no question that any deep stirring of the 

 emotional side of our nature tends to throw us back upon the 

 bestial substratum derived from our remote ancestors which we 

 generally keep covered up. In a strong gust of passion the 

 " vital spark," which crowns our material being like a nimbus, is 

 extinguished, and the ancient and half-quenched embers of ani- 

 mality beneath are fanned into fierce life. A man, excited or 

 enraged (in common with other mammals of the combative and 

 covetous sex), becomes emphatically a savage male. Hence ha- 

 bitual stimulation of the emotional side of our nature will tend 

 to enhance, rather than to diminish, certain sexual differences in 

 expression. 



It is extremely important that we should bear in mind that 

 passion prints on the face are often quite useless in enabling us 

 to form an opinion as to the moral character (as distinct from 

 the moral tendencies) of any individual. For the inhibitory cen- 

 ters of the mental apparatus, upon which depend our powers of 

 self-restraint, do not exercise their veto beyond the frontier line 

 which separates the rational from the organic side of human 

 nature. And, let us recollect, it is the latter region which is 

 governed by the sympathetic system, with its complex emotional 

 and trophic functions. Thus, although a man may feel illicit 

 passion, or unrighteous rage, without deviating in act from the 

 path of rectitude, yet his heart, his skin, and other parts under 

 the sympathetic regime, will ignore both the moral code and 

 any voluntary decision to obey it. 



Not only may the organic part of a man show every sign of 

 guilt when there is no guilt, but only temptation ; but it may 



