TRADES AND FACES. 635 



are prominent and dreamy, the cornea is bright and the conjunc- 

 tiva glistening, but the natural blue-white of the sclerotic has 

 given place to a duller tint. The nose is characterless (as far as 

 acquired qualities are concerned), and differs essentially from the 

 clear-cut nose of the man of active will or intellect. The mouth 

 is the least constant feature, but it generally is characterized by 

 a lax and flabby set of the lips. It is the sensuous mouth belong- 

 ing to the artistic temperament, with certain specific characters 

 superadded, which result from the same causes as are responsible 

 for the fullness beneath the eye and chin. 



Now, why does the mouth, which commonly accompanies the 

 artistic temperament, suggest habits of self-indulgence ? It is an 

 essential, with every true artist, that he should follow certain 

 spontaneous impulses. He is born, not made. He can not, like 

 the student or the man of business, hope to excel by toiling 

 against the tide of inclination. In his art he therefore achieves 

 most through a species of self-indulgence ; and it is too often 

 characteristic of the artist that this drifting tendency widens and 

 embraces other departments of life. Yet, although it may be 

 confined to artistic matters alone, any habitual yielding to natural 

 impulse will tend to tell its tale on the mouth. 



Although the subcutaneous tissues of certain parts of the 

 musician's face are plainly increased in bulk through sym- 

 pathetic influence, one does not find that the skin itself is much 

 altered in texture. It is, however, usually pallid, and does not 

 exhibit the full-blooded coarseness observable in the other types 

 which we are considering. I am inclined to 'think that the pe- 

 culiarities which are generally so obvious in the hair among 

 professional musicians are not altogether dependent upon fash- 

 ion, but that here again we have evidence of trophic changes 

 which result from mental habits. Almost every fashion of this 

 kind, when carefully analyzed, is found to be based upon some 

 natural physical peculiarity. All who have to do with the treat- 

 ment of mental disease know how profoundly the growth and 

 vitality of the hair is influenced by emotion ; and it seems very 

 probable that local trophic stimulation, similar to that which 

 gives a fullness to the throat, etc., may effect typical changes of 

 this kind also. 



Passing on to the priestly class, we find many undoubted 

 signs of special sympathetic influence upon the face. It should 

 be understood, however, that the term " priestly " must be taken 

 in a very broad sense. Any religious devotee with mystical 

 tendencies, who makes much of the emotional and little of the 

 intellectual side of religion, is liable to develop something of the 

 characteristic priestly aspect. It is not unknown among those 

 archenemies of priestcraft, the Quakers, although these good 



