TRADES AND FACES. 637 



of St. Peter. And in like manner some of those " painefull and 

 pious " Christians who regard all theatrical and similar amuse- 

 ments as sinful, find support for their views in the stodgy visages 

 of musicians and public singers. In both cases science is on the 

 side of the charity which thinketh no evil. For if the inferences 

 here drawn from what we know as to the physiology of emotion 

 are correct, the facts prove no more than that the ugly priest, or 

 public entertainer, has good assimilative organs, deep feelings, a 

 sluggish mind, and narrow interests. If in feature he tends to 

 resemble certain moral offenders, the fact is owing to a mere un- 

 happy accident, like the black eye of the tennis player aforesaid. 

 Any such resemblances depend npon the fact that man's emotional 

 machinery has not kept pace with civilization, but is still practi- 

 cally in the same state as when it was adapted for the very lim- 

 ited wants of our pristine ancestor, who had no inward feelings 

 unassociated with animal appetite. Our complex modern life has 

 revealed its deficiencies, just as the advent of a missionary among 

 certain primitive races reveals the ludicrous poverty of languages, 

 which can only express the idea of " heavenly bliss " by words 

 meaning " a very full belly." 



Into the distinguishing facial traits of the sensualist it is not 

 necessary to enter. In his case the evil expression is honestly 

 come by, and is due to no physiological accident. To any compe- 

 tent reader of facial records it tells its story with a frankness 

 which out-Zolas Zola. What is chiefly of interest about it is 

 the mechanical process by which the inner man is revealed upon 

 the surface. Here, again, we find that the sympathetic nervous 

 system is the agent chiefly responsible ; for the changes which 

 have occurred since the face lost its youthful innocence are owing 

 to trophic rather than to muscular causes. 



It is worth while noting that here, as in the other tpyes in- 

 stanced, the exercise of the will and the intellect, or any interfer- 

 ence with organic nutritive processes, will mask the facial results 

 of yielding to emotion. Any man of the world will support me 

 when I say that there are not a few grossly sensual men whose 

 expressions do not readily betray them. An ascetic debauchee is 

 an impossible being, but there are not a few instances of men who 

 give free rein to their desires, who nevertheless, from some defect 

 in the assimilative organs, or from the fact that they exercise 

 their wills and minds in other directions, do not develop the 

 bloated countenance and prominent lustful eye which typify the 

 class generally. 



In concluding my remarks on the three types we have been 

 discussing, let me say that no abnormally acute powers of obser- 

 vation are required to enable one to distinguish the actual marks 

 of vice from the marks of sensuous emotion which is innocent in 



