PROFESSIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 739 



orders" to accept, but to be quietly sneered at by "the enlight- 

 ened" no longer a fetich, whose defenders must become perse- 

 cutors or " apologists," but a most fruitful fact, which religion 

 and science may accept as a source of strength to both.* 



- 



PROFESSIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 



VI. MAN OF SCIENCE AND PHILOSOPHER. 

 By HERBERT SPENCER. 



CLEAR as are the connections between the priesthood and the 

 several professions thus far treated of, the connection between 

 it and the professions which have enlightenment as their function 

 is even clearer. Antagonistic as the offspring now are to the 

 parent they were originally nurtured by it. 



We saw that the medicine-man, ever striving to maintain and 

 increase his influence over those around, is stimulated more than 

 others to obtain such knowledge of natural phenomena as may 

 aid him in his efforts. 



Moreover, when seeking to propitiate the supernatural beings 

 he believes in, he is led to think about their characters and their 

 doings. He speculates as to the causes of the striking things he 

 observes in the Heavens and on the Earth ; and whether he re- 

 gards these causes as personal or impersonal, the subject-matter 

 of his thought is the subject-matter which, in later times, is dis- 

 tinguished as philosophical the relations between that which we 

 perceive and that which lies beyond perception. 



As was said at the outset, a further reason why he becomes 

 distinguished from men around by his wider* information and 

 deeper insight is that he is, as compared with them, a man of 

 leisure. From the beginning he lives on the contributions of 

 others ; and therefore he is better able to devote himself to those 

 observations and inquiries out of which science originates. 



Save some knowledge of medicinal herbs and special animal 



* To the fact that the suppression of personal convictions among " the enlightened " 

 did not cease with the Medicean Popes there are many testimonies. One especially curious 

 was mentioned to the present writer by a most honored diplomatist and scholar at Rome. 

 While this gentleman was looking over the books of an eminent cardinal, recently deceased, 

 he noticed a series of octavos bearing on their backs the title Acta Apostolorum. Surprised 

 at such an extension of the Acts of the Apostles, he opened a volume and found the series 

 to be the works of Voltaire. As to a similar condition of things in the Church of England 

 may be cited the following from Froude's Erasmus : " I knew various persons of high repu- 

 tation a few years ago who thought at bottom very much as Bishop Colenso thought, who, 

 nevertheless, turned and rent him to clear their own reputations which they did not suc- 

 ceed in doing." See work cited, close of Lecture XI. 



