748 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



has come to be thus distinguished. We have " professors " of 

 various divisions and sub-divisions of it ; and this implies that 

 the bread-winning pursuit of science, irrespective of the particu- 

 lar kind, must be regarded as a profession. 



The combinations of like units which have accompanied these 

 separations of unlike units, are equally conspicuous. Those occu- 

 pied in science as a whole, as well as those occupied in particular 

 divisions of science, have everywhere tended to segregate them- 

 selves and consolidate. 



On the , Continent each nation has a scientific academy or 

 equivalent body, and in some cases several such. In our own 

 country we have, similarly, a fixed general union among scientific 

 men the Royal Society ; in addition to which we have a nomadic 

 general union the British Association. 



Then beyond these largest corporations including all kinds of 

 scientific men, we have various smaller corporations, each com- 

 prised of those devoted to a particular branch or sub-branch of 

 science a Mathematical Society, a Physical Society, a Chemical 

 Society, an Astronomical Society, a Geological Society, a Physio- 

 logical Society ; and others occupied with sub-divisions of Biology 

 Botany, Zoology, Anthropology, and Entomology : all of them 

 being children of the Royal Society and in some measure aids to 

 it. Nor let us forget that besides these metropolitan societies 

 there are scattered throughout the kingdom local societies, de- 

 voted to science in general or to some division of science. 



This is not all. Integration, general and special, of the scien- 

 tific world is made closer, and the co-operation of all parts aided, 

 by continuous publications : weekly and monthly and quarterly 

 journals which are general in their scope, and others of like 

 periodicities which are special in their scope. Thus minor aggre- 

 gates held in connection as parts of a great aggregate have their 

 activities furthered by literary inter-communication ; and as else- 

 where implied (see Essays, vol. i, " The Genesis of Science "), the 

 vast organism thus constituted has acquired a power of digesting 

 and assimilating the various classes of phenomena which no one 

 part of it alone could effectually deal with. 



How the style of house-building may be affected by the character of the 

 neighborhood is illustrated by the observation of Captain H. Bowen, that 

 while traveling in Turkistan, after crossing the Kotli-i Kandahar Pass, 

 from the Tung River into the valley of the Wachi River, the houses bore 

 evidence of the fear in which the inhabitants live of their neighbors on 

 the south, the Kunjuts. Instead of scattered farmhouses, the traveler in- 

 variably found several houses joined together and presenting a fortlike 

 appearance. 



