374 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



out of this the higher forms of music we now know. Whether 

 or not the popular dances in use during recent centuries had 

 arisen de novo, or whether, as seems more probable, they had de- 

 scended with modifications from the early dance-chants used in 

 pagan worship, inquiry discloses the remarkable fact that out of 

 them have grown the great orchestral works of modern days. 

 The suites de pieces of Bach and Handel were originally sets of 

 dances in different times ; and these have developed into the suc- 

 cessive movements of the symphony, which even now, in the oc- 

 casional movement named " minuet," yields a trace of its origin. 

 And then, along with these developments of music, has taken place 

 one further differentiation that of composer from performer. 

 Though some performers are also composers, yet in large measure 

 the composer has become an independent artist who does not him- 

 self, unless as conductor, take part in public entertainments. 



In this case, as in other cases, the general process of evolution 

 is exemplified by the integration which has accompanied differen- 

 tiation. Evidence furnished by ancient civilizations must be 

 postponed to the next chapter as more closely appertaining to it. 

 Here we may content ourselves with indicating the illustrative 

 facts which modern days furnish. 



Beyond the unorganized body of professed musical performers 

 and beyond the little-organized body of professors and teachers 

 of music, there is the assemblage of those who, having passed 

 examinations and acquired degrees in music, are marked off more 

 distinctly : we see the increased definiteness which accompanies 

 integration. There are also the multitudinous local musical soci- 

 eties ; the local musical festivals with their governing organiza- 

 tions ; and the several incorporated colleges, with their students, 

 professional staffs, and directors. 



Then as serving to unite these variously-constituted groups 

 of those who make the musical art a profession, and of those 

 who give themselves to the practice of it as amateurs, we have a 

 periodical literature sundry musical journals devoted to re- 

 ports and criticisms of concerts, operas, oratorios, and serving 

 to aid musical culture while they maintain the interests of the 

 teachers and performers. 



The curious fact is noticed by Prof. Basil Hall Chamberlain that in the 

 Japanese Archipelago vegetation diminishes instead of increasing in rank- 

 ness as one travels south. In Yezo the summer grasses and tall weeds 

 are higher than the head of a horseback rider; in central Japan the grass 

 is seldom taller than a man on foot; in Great Luchu everything is much 

 lower still. There are no tall grasses, comparatively few bamboos, and 

 few thickets of any sort. The country is parklike. 



