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THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 



Dairy Barn — 16 cows. Dung heap was removed the day before, leaving the entrance 

 in the condition shown. An out-house is shown at the rear. 



degree hygienic. The miners live in various localities; some in cheap 

 boarding houses in the towns in the neighborhood of the mines, some 

 in settlements or " locations," as they are called, smaller aggregations 

 of dwellings, small villages, as it were, situated close to an open mine 

 or shaft. Some live in camps — clusters of buildings of a much poorer 

 sort than those alluded to above, more or less temporary in character 

 and also located near the mines. Of these miners the Finns are by 

 far the most cleanly and the most stable; almost all of the married 

 miners are to be found in their ranks. The Austrians, by far out- 

 numbering the other races, for the most part pass in and out of the 

 country as chance dictates, and their domestic habits and the environ- 

 ment which they tolerate are so filthy as to lead one to suppose that 

 they, above all others, would be the worst sufferers from typhoid. The 

 Italians, more numerous than the Finns, less so than the Austrians, 

 appear to vie with the latter in the matter of negligence of their sur- 

 roundings. The Swedes, industrious and cleanly, are so few in num- 

 ber (less than 700 on the entire range in 1907) that we might prac- 

 tically disregard them in this discussion were it not for the fact that 

 they suffered to some extent from typhoid in a recent epidemic, and 

 for a reason to be explained later. 



Now, in illustrating conditions which prevail in one portion of the 



