FOOD PREPARATION 279 



The phenomena of personality may be divided into four classes: 

 those of vitality, mentality, morality and sociality. According to the 

 author just quoted, " the development of the social personality is meas- 

 ured by the increase of vitality, of sound and high mentality, of moral- 

 ity and of sociality ; and by a decrease in the population of the number 

 of the defective, the abnormal, the immoral, and of the desocialized, the 

 deindividualized and the degraded." 7 



The development of vitality is fundamental in harmonious personal 

 growth. From the days of the early Greeks the necessity of a sound 

 body as a pre-requisite of a sound mind has been fully recognized and 

 sought for in accordance with the knowledge available for the subject. 

 The recognition of the connection between moral life and mental life 

 has been somewhat more tardy, as also has been the knowledge of the 

 connection between morality and sociality. Even though Jesus centuries 

 ago declared, " Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself," and " He 

 that saveth his life shall lose it," we have been very slow to comprehend 

 the fact that universal brotherhood is indicative of a high type of 

 morality. 



However, we have come now to see the fact that sociality rests upon 

 morality, that morality is a differentiated form of mental life, and 

 mental life is conditioned upon physical life while efficient physical 

 life depends primarily upon the food we eat. 



Consequently some of the essential studies of the sociologist are 

 food necessities and vital statistics in order that he may understand 

 the possibilities of harmonious development of the social man. This 

 century has been especially rich in studies of this kind, but as long ago 

 as the eighteenth century Adam Smith expounded the advantage to 

 the community of a rising standard of living among laboring classes. 8 

 In our own century the work of investigation into the standards of 

 living in their relation to social welfare have been undertaken by many 

 individuals and agencies. 9 



The general plan of these investigations has been a study of living 

 conditions as they actually exist among working people, for the most 

 part, because the animating purpose of many of these inquiries has been 

 the desire to improve the condition of the wage earner. 



For instance, Mrs. More in the book entitled " Wage Earner's 

 Budgets " gives the results of a personal investigation into the stand- 

 ards and cost of living of two hundred families in two districts in New 



'Ibid., p. 250. 



8 Adam Smith, "Wealth of Nations," part 1, chapter 8. 



• The publications of the United States Bureau of Labor, the publications 

 of the Bureaus of Labor of Connecticut and Massachusetts and the publications 

 of the Department of Agriculture; Devine, "Principles of Belief," chapter 3; 

 Bosanquet, ' ' The Standard of Life and other Studies ' ' ; Booth, ' ' Life and 

 Labor of People in London"; More, "Wage Earner's Budgets"; Chapin, 

 * ' The Standard of Living in New York City. ' ' 



