THE SOUNDS OF " CH " AND "J" 



353 



Fig. 2. Record of " Mitchell." The record for " ch " shows an occlusion 

 with an explosion of a special form. 



Fig. 3. Record of " Xut." The explosion for the " t " is different from 



that for " ch *' in Fig. 2. 



Fig. 5. Record of " Atch " showing the Final " ch." The end of the occlusion 

 and the form of the explosion are like those of " ch " in Fig. 2. 



Fig. 6. Record of " Chew " showing Initial " ch." The explosion of 

 " ch " is the same as in Fig- 2. 



den descent of the line after " u " indicates that this sound was cut 

 short by some closure in the mouth, namely, by the tongue action for 

 the sound " c." The line, however, does not remain at zero, but rises 

 gradually ; this indicates a steady emission of breath and not a complete 

 closure. The partial closure is finally released and the explosion is reg- 

 istered in the sharp upward movement of the line. The sound " c " 

 thus shows a sharp explosion like that of " t " but an incomplete closure. 

 The closure is much greater than that of " sh " and the emission of air 

 is much smaller (Fig. 4). The Italian soft "c" is therefore not an 

 explosive occlusive like " t " or even like English " ch " ; it is not a 

 fricative like "sh"; it might be termed a fricative with an explosion. 

 At any rate it is a distinct sound not existing in English. 



