HARDWICKE'S SCIENCE-GOSSIP. 



13 



kinds ; the first attempted to derive it by a sort of 

 spontaneous generation, the second held that it was 

 merely a state of other fungi, such as Pcnicilliiiiii, 

 Bacteria, etc. These mistaken ideas were all due to a 

 forgetfulness of the minuteness and omnipresence of the 

 spores of these fungi, and also perhaps to the fact that 

 as it appears, other fungi, such as Mucor, can act the 

 part of a ferment under certain conditions. It may be 

 regarded as certain that most of the so-called " trans- 



Producing spontaneous fermentation in must ; [this 

 is the ordinary ferment of wine.] 



72. 6". couglomcratiis, Reess. 



Cells almost round, 5-6 y. in diameter, united ia 

 clusters, which consist of the numerous cells produced 

 by budding from one or a few mother-cells. Spore- 

 forming cells often united in twos, or with a vegeta- 

 tive cell ; spores 2-4 in each mother-cell. 



e& 







^ 



■4). ^ o 



^ 



X 420 



y^eoi7 



Fig. 12.— .S". cUipsoidcus ; h, the same more 

 highly magnified. 



YIOOO 



Fig. 13.— 6". spharkiis. (After Saccardo.) 



6K\ 'J 



Fig. '15. — a, S. exiguuii b, S. congloineratus ; X 600. 



Fig. 16. — i". coprogenus. (After Saccardo.) X 500. 



Fig. 17. — 5. apiculatus. X about 500. 



X 700 



Fig. 14.— 5. albicans; a, beginning of growth ; b, farther advanced ; c, formation of mycelium. (After Grawitz.) 



formations " to which we are alluding had their 

 origin merely in the carelessness of the experimenter, 

 or in the inadequacy of the means adopted for 

 securing a pure cultivation. The Saccharomycetes 

 are as truly autonomous as any other fungi. — Tr.] 



71. S. ellipsoideus, Reess. 



Cells elliptic, mostly 6 /x long, isolated or united 

 in Httle branched colonies. Spore-forming cells 

 mostly isolated ; spores 2-4 together in each mother- 

 cell, 3-3J \Ji- in diameter. 



In wine at the beginning of the fermentation, and 

 on decaying grapes. 



73. S. exiguHs, Reess. 



Cells conical or top-shaped, about 5 /i long, reach- 

 ing 2-5 /i in thickness, united in sparingly branched 

 colonies. Spore-forming cells_isolated, each with 2-3 

 spores, which lie in a row. 



In the after fermentation of beer. 



74. S. Pastoriamis, Reess. 



Cells roundish-oval or elongated-clavate, of varied 



