CONGRESS OF APPLIED CHEMISTRY 555 



thoritative by any one congress to be regarded as such until changed by 

 a succeeding congress. By this means a general rule would be estab- 

 lished which would govern the use of atomic weights both industrially 

 and scientifically. The eighth international congress strongly advo- 

 cated and recommended the adoption of standard governmental exami- 

 nation of ores, metals and fuels. This is highly important for the 

 avoidance, or at least for the decision, of disputes as to the relative rich- 

 ness of the various deposits, and also for the proper and consistent 

 utilization of national resources in such materials. 



For the ninth congress will remain the question as to the proper 

 placing of the international delegates. Then the proper assignment of 

 the papers to be read is to be considered, so as to determine and define 

 the priority of one nation over another in regard to recent scientific or 

 industrial discoveries in any one of the hundred or more special fields 

 of experiment and research so ably exploited by the industrial giants 

 who make up a congress such as the eighth International Congress of 

 Applied Chemistry, which has just closed with absolute harmony. This 

 was due in great measure to the splendid leadership of the retired presi- 

 dent, Dr. William H. Nichols, who was the cornerstone as well as the 

 central figure of this congress, and who with remarkable tact and ability 

 steered the ship of this great congress safely into the port of the ninth 

 international congress. 



The following is a list of all the International Congresses of Applied 

 Chemistry : 



No. of Congress Date Place 



First 1894 Brussels 



Second 1896 Paris 



Third 1898 Vienna 



Fourth 1900 Paris 



Fifth 1903 Berlin 



Sixth 1906 . Eome 



Seventh 1909 London 



Eighth 1912 New York City 



Ninth 1915 St. Petersburg 



1 For a further discussion of the chemical and other international congresses, 

 see "International Congresses," by B*r. Charles Baskerville, Science, N. S., 

 Vol. XXXIL, No. 828, pp. 652-659, November 11, 1910. 



