234 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [1892. 



The word xa/)/a/)j'«? itself is from -/.dpyapd^, sharp, or sharp-toothed. 

 The Lamia and Scylla were fierce mau-devouring monsters of Greek 

 myth. 



Family GALEORHINIDJE. 



10. Galeus canis (Mitchell). 



Apost. 7. (3Iiistelus vulgaris.) 



11. Galeus mustelus ;L). 



Apost. 7. (Mustelus Iwvis) jolr^ix;. 



12. Carcliarliinus giaucus (L). 



Aj)Ost. 7. (Garcharlas giaucus.) 



Family SPHYRNIDJE. 



13. Sphyrna zygaena (L). 



Apost. 7 {Zygcena malleus), j %'>yai'M/.. Mentioned by Arist. 506b 

 10 among long fishes with the gall on the liver. Also mentioned 

 by Epicharmus, Frag. 30. 



I saw some fishermen catch a hammer-headed shark in the Bay 

 of Eleusis, but all the names I could elicit were zavj^xj (?) possibly 

 ■/.u'^Ui =z. little dog, and aYi)'.uil<apu = fierce fish. ' 



14. Sphyrna tudes (Cuvier). 



Apost. 7 (Zygcena tudes), f -arspiraa, crutch, bishop's stafl[". 

 Family HEXANCHID^. 



15. HeptrancMas cinereus (Gmelin). 

 Apost. 7. (Heptanchus cinereus.) 



Family SQUALID^ 



16. Squalus acanthias (L). 



Apost. 8. (Acanthias vulgaris) f axuXotliapo. 



17. Squalus blainvillei (Risso). H. FaXto^^) (j). 



Not noticed by Apostolides. Apost. 7 gives yaXrj/x; as common 

 \\?LYaQ^ox Mustelus Iczv is. raX£(')<^,yaXE:<>£:3rj<} and yalswdrj'^ all occur 

 quite frequently in Aristotle. 505a 15, 489b 5 and 6, 511a 4-6, 

 1529a 29, 621b 16, 565b 28, 543a 17, 566a 17, 565a 26, 754b 33, 

 565b 2ff, 508b 17 (Here yaX.Tj is probably the proper reading, M. G. 

 ydXca, Lota fluviatalis. Cf. Aelian xv, 11, Bonitz.), 565a 20, 566a 

 31, 565a 14, 540b 19, 505a 18, 505a 5, 506b 8, 507a 15, 540b 27. 



According to Aristotle the yaXein^^re. the long (jeXdyji with uncovered 

 gills on their sides (sharks), as distinguished from the flat atX.dyr^ with 

 uncovered gills underneath them (rays). The^aAsoi'areovoviviparous, 

 produce at the most three young at a time, and admit their oflspring 



