1892.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 235 



iuto themselves (iuto their mouths) and let them out again. The 

 TrncxO.n? and akw-zy.i(x<} do this especially, but others do not because 

 of their roughness. The yahoi have a mouth oj^ening wide (liter- 

 ally ' breaking back '). T\\Q axaAlia^ (thorny) yakeo'i has its ova 

 attached to the v-6ZiO!J.a (peritoneum [?]) above the oviducal glands, 

 and when the ovum descends upon its having been loosed the young fish 

 is produced. In the same way generation takes jjlace in the ald>-7j^. 

 But the so-called smooth yalsoi have their ova between the branches 

 of the oviduct like the ff/.ol'jr^. The ova moving about descend 

 into one or the other branch of the oviduct and the young are pro- 

 duced, having the umbilical cord attached to the oviduct, so that 

 when the eggs are used up these fish seem to have an embryo j ust like 

 the quadrupeds. In the case of the a/.uUo., Avhich some call v^fifiiai 

 yaXeoi (i. e. yakeoi dappled like a fawn, fawn-colored sharks), when 

 the shell of the egg bursts and fiills off the young fish is born. There 

 are several kinds of yakeot, e. g. aartpuxq, y.z'^Tpv/rfi, d:/.wjOla^, lilo>i, 

 -o'.y.iAo^, ay.uivM}^, a)M-exia^. See Atlien. vii, 43. 



Iq 508b 17 ya}.2oi are mentioned among fishes which have many 

 pyloric appendages, but this is thought to be a corrupted reading 

 for y<j.}J/. See above under references. 



The yalzoi and yaho^uhi^, as d/.co-r^^ and yjjcu'^, and the flat fishes, 

 vdpy.Tj, i3d-<iQ, Kz.tuua-0^ and zpoyu)-^ produce their young alive, having 

 first produced eggs internally. The form of the uterus (oviduct) 

 must be seen from dissections. The yaXzw^ have it different from 

 one another and from the flat azhiyr^. For in some cases the 

 ova are grown fast around the back bone between the branches 

 of the uterus (oviduct, f3(Tr^/)a), just as has been said in the case of 

 the <yy.'jU(iy. As the ova increase in size they move around. The 

 •uterus being forked and grown to the v-6^wij.a (diaphragm, perito- 

 neum) just as that of others of this kind, the ova come around 

 into one or the other branch of the uterus (oviduct). Both 

 the uterus of this and that of the other yaXsoetdsl<; at a little distance 

 from the u-6'^u)>j.a. have what resembles white breasts (oviducal 

 glands) which are not present when they are not pregnant. 



The ya'umoz:^ all have their gills double and five on each side. 

 They also have the gall bladder on the liver, and the two parts of 

 the liver are independent, the beginning not being grown together. 

 The males differ from the females by having two appendages hang- 

 ing about the vent. 



