238 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [1892. 



edge of their flatness. They have their gills tinder them, whereas 

 the ya/.sc6(hj have them in the side. The flat selache with tails, as 

 the /Sfitrov", rjioyu).! and the like, copulate not only with belly to belly, 

 but also by mounting with their bellies upon the backs of the 

 females in those kinds in which the tail is not so thick as to be in 

 their way. Of the flat fish the [id-oq and Tpoym-j do not receive 

 their young into themselves because of the roughness of the tail. 

 Some fishes lie quiet in the sand, others in the mud, keeping only 

 the mouth above. The T.eTj>fv.i>'., {id-oc and (rzlayjLl^rj lie hid during 

 the wintriest days. The o-mi^, fidrof, il<-7,Tza. and {>b-ri bury themselves 

 in the sand, and when they have made themselves invisible they 

 wave (^paddsijtrat) those things in their mouths which the fishermen 

 call " rodlets " {paCdia) or little wands. None of the other fishes 

 have been seen uniting in copulation with others not of their 

 own kind ; but the /u'v/j and fidrn^ alone seem to do this ; for 

 there is a fish called pvjdoaTo^, because it has the head and fore- 

 parts of the [jdzifi but the hind parts of the /'iVry, as if born from 

 both of these. The yolzai and yiutotuJslis, as the dlm-riz and xua*^, 

 and the flat fishes, '^dp/.r^, fidra'i, Xzidoo-nq and zpoywj, are vivi- 

 parous, having produced eggs (internally), i. e. are ovoviviparoiis. 

 Bari'i also occurs in Aristotle. It may be merely a feminine form of 

 /3«'-ro9 used as a name of female [idni'i. 1527b 41 43, 565a 22 27, 

 567a 13. " The ay.uXia and [ja^ioz^ have shelly arrangements in Avhich 

 is found an eggy fluid. The form of the shell is like that of the 

 tongues (reeds) of wind-instruments (pipes, anXui'), and there are 

 hair-like ducts attached to the shells. In the case of the n/.oAia, 

 which some call M^Spiai yaXzoi, the young are produced whenever 

 the shell breaks from around them and falls off"; but in the case of 

 the (i(i-iDt^ whenever they lay the eggs the young comes forth from 

 the shell, which has been broken off" from around it." 565a 22fl^. 

 (The above passage is obscure and possibly corrupt. I do not 

 understand the distinction made in the latter part.) 



In 567a 13 Aristotle says that the female seal has a pudendum 

 like that of the ffanV. 



25. Raja miraletus H., (reXdyi (,). 



Apost. 9 {Raia miraletus). -^Xdyt, according to Apost., is a collec- 

 tive name for all species of rays. 



Arist. (riXMyt)Q, commonly in plur. aiXdyr^, 511a 5, 6'95b9, 489b 2, 

 516b 16, 655a 23, 732b 1, 754a 23, 476a 2, 732b 22, 520a 17, 538a 

 29, 540b 6, 755b 2, 598a 12, 591a 10, 697a 7, 516b 15, 516b 36, 



