240 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [1892. 



They sleep at times so that they are eveu caught with the hand ; 

 they take their young into their mouths, except the ^dTpayo<s, are 

 purely carnivorous, and most of them have no pyloric appendages ; 

 the female is larger than the male, and the males can usually be dis- 

 tinguished from the females by two appendages hanging near the 

 vent. 



All the <7c)M.y6drj have at the same time ova in great numbers 

 above near the t3-«^w,aa, some larger and others smaller, while they 

 already have embryos below. They are rough and without scales. 

 They lie toi'pid during the wintriest days. 



Galen vi, 737, derives the name (rikayoii from ai/M^, a bright 

 light or blaze, or shining. He says : " The skin of such creatures 

 is rough and shining in the night, wherefore also some say they have 

 been named (jOAyui. from having nihi^ (a phosphorescence). 



26. Raja undulata (Lacepede). 

 Apost. 9. 



27. Raja fuUonica (L). 



Ajiost. 9 {Raja chagrined). 



Family AETOBATIDJE. 



28. Aetobatis aquila (L). 



Apost. 9 (^Myliohatis aquila). f -^^""s" = eagle, Lat. aquila. 

 Arist. 540b 18 mentions asT6<s as one of the azlayi]. Compare 

 Plin. N. H. 9, 78, aquila. 



29. Aetobatis bovina (GeoflFrey St. Hilaire). 



Apost. 9 (Myliobatis bovina). XeXtdav(x^ in some parts of Greece. 

 XeXtdiha^ the swallow, is also a common M. G. name for Trigla 

 hirundo, as I found in the market at Athens. 



Family DASYATIDJE. 



30. Dasyatis pastinaca (L). 



Apost. 9 ( Trygon vulgaris), f Tpoydrj at Paros, f ij.oo-rpooCa at 

 Chalcis. Arist. 598a 12, 1527b 40, 695b 9 28, 489b 31, 540b 8, 

 565b 28, 566b 1, 540b 8, 620b 24. Athen. viii, 21. Lat. Trygon, 

 Plin. 9, 155. 



Tpuyui-j as a bird is the turtle-dove. The fish called zpuyw'j, 

 says Arist., is a flat friXayo^ with no fins, but swimming by means 

 of its flat parts, has a rough tail, does not admit its young into its 

 mouth, is pelagic, buries itself in the sand. 



