1892.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 249 



Family ESOCIDJE. 

 69. Esox belone (L). 11. Zafiyd'Mi (J. 



Apost. 32 {Belone ams.), ^ tisXovida, Zapycha. Aristotle makes 

 frequent mention of a fish called iishhrj. Bskovida would be a 

 natural M. G. equivalent for this. See Arist. 610b 6, 506b 9, 

 543b 11, 571a 2&, 567b 18, 755a 33, 616a 32. 



BsX6>7j = needle. Cont. Lex. gives also j^eXo'^cth and iSsX/ryt as 

 names for the needle-fish. 



From Aristotle I glean the following statements with regard to 

 the /3c/(>>55 : 



It is a long fish (i, e. not flat) and has the gall bladder on the 

 liver. It spawns in winter. When it is time for it to spawn it 

 bursts open and so the eggs come out ; for this fish has a sort of 

 division (partition) under the belly and intestine (//rpov') just as 

 the snakes called zoif/.vMu have. After it spawns these parts grow 

 together again. Its eggs are spread around it just as in the case of 

 the spiders, for the female [ithh^i lays them attached to herself, and 

 if any one touches them they scatter. The ^shhai run in shoals. The 

 halcyon seems to make its nest chiefly from the bones of the [i^lu-^T]. 



See Athen, vii. Ill, where fiz.)M./yj ^^^ fmifi^. Vide under -/.a-po- 

 Xidpa, ffaxxopniwa, Syngnathus acus. 



Zairyfha. Cont. Lex. '^apyd'^ri and aapywja., needle-fish. lapydyTi 

 in A. G. means a braid, a basket. Arist. 610b 6, has (TupyrMi^ men- 

 tioned among fish found in schools. This may easily be a mistake 

 for (jo.pSvM)<s. Ia.pyvM)i; occurs also in Athen; vii, 313 and 321. The 

 name seems to be a derivative of <rapy6^. Cf. also Athen. viii, 52,. 

 ^aei^ or {izh'r/r^^ called also d6k£wy^<;. 



Family EXOCCETIDJE. 



60. Scombresox rondeletii (Cuv. & Yal). 

 Apost. 32. 



61. Exocoetus volitans (L). 



Almost. 32 (Exoccehis volitans), /jhdovoc/mpoQ^')^ swallow-fish. The 

 specimen sold me under the name yehSwoil'apoQ^') was Dadylop- 

 terus volitans, Apost. 15, also given as /sh8o'/u(/'apo by Apostolides. 



Family SYNGNATHIDJE. 



62. Hippocampus hippocampus (L).i H. 'A/jrydxi (j). 



Apost. 11 (Hippocampus brevirostris), dJ.oydx:, little horse. This 

 would seem to be the fish called l--(')xa;j.-o<} by the ancients. Aris- 



^Apostolides records also Hippoca/npus guUulaius Cuvier — probably an error 

 in identification, as the American species is unknown in the Mediterranean. 



17 



