250 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [1892. 



totle does not mention the l--u-/.ai).-i><i. The word was used by the poets 

 as the name of a sea monster, half horse and half fish, on which the 

 sea gods rode. As the name of a fish it seems to occur only in late 

 writings. Its stomach was regarded as a poison of peculiar power 

 and also as possessing medicinal and magic powers. See Menand. 

 Incert. 211, Strabo 384, Philostratus 774, Dioscorides 2 3, Aelian 

 K A. 14, 20, Plin. N. H. 32, 58 67 83 93 109 113 139 149, 30, 26. 

 The references in Pliny refer chiefly to the use of the Hippocampus 

 and its ashes as a medicine. In none of the references which I 

 have examined in either Greek or Latin is there anything given, 

 so far as I can see, which helps to identify the animal. The only 

 reason, so far as I know, for identifying it with the sea horse is the 

 mythological use of the term and the fact that the first part of the 

 name is undoubtedly Z--"?, horse. To y.dij-oq occurs as the name of 

 a sea monster in Lycophron 414. Kajj-ri = caterpillar. kdii.-zM 

 v' z«/j'-~ = to bend. These words may all be connected in origin 

 and meaning. 



"h-o-zAiJ-iov, Epicharmus 16, Ahr, 



63. Siphonostoma acus (L). H. /lar/xv.w/m (j). 



Apost. 11 {Syngnathus acus), xa-uup^uda, j <Tu:/./.upd(pa (sack- 

 needle). 



"Pafii (Gen. pa^{dog), needle, occurs as the name of a fish in 

 Athen. vii. 111. In a quotation from Epicharmus occurs the 

 expression o'^vpuyyoi pawuh^, sharp-billed pacpuhi;. Dorio says " the 

 /3eAo^)j which they call pa<pi<s" needle. Arist. in the fifth book of 

 Parts of Animals calls it fie/j'r^rj, but in his work on animals or 

 fishes, having called it po.(pi^, he says that it is toothless. Speusip- 

 pus calls it flslu'^Tj. Cf. Peh)vi8a. 



64. Typhle typhle (L). H. Ko.zpoUbpa (J. 

 Apost. 11 {Siphono stoma argentatum'). 



65. Syngnathus aequoreus (L). 



Apost. 11 (Entelurus anguineiis) may be some other species 

 instead of S. cequoreus. 



Family MUGILIDiE. 



66. Mugil cephalus (L), H. KifaAog (J. 



Apost. 27 {Mugil cephalus), xi<paX()<i, fyoouh at Chalcis ; at 

 Missoloughi the males are called f (jretpddca, the females j pTtd^sg, 



