256 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [1892. 



favorable the land on their right, but they swim out of it keeping close 

 to the land on the lejV The rry.o/j.dfx,'. are weaker than the fh'woL 

 and migrate earlier. The ^y^-i^viV spawns in summer about the 

 month Hecatombpeon near the vernal equinox. It lays a sort of 

 sack filled with many small eggs. 



The above are, so far as I can make out, the main points which 

 Aristotle reports concerning the Ouwoc and OovvctJs?. Whether they 

 are the same, the latter merely referring to the females, is not alto- 

 gether clear. It will be noted that some of the above statements 

 are obscure and others contradictory, at least apparently so. 



85. Albacora thynnus (L). 



Apost. 19 (Thynnus thynnus), pMidrr/.d. -f Fotpoi} at Leucas, 

 f ;'/«y-.V.s- at Zante. .I/«iV/.r!xo means May (-fish). I saw this fish 

 in the market at Athens and heard this name, but the fish was too 

 large to take a specimen of it, the specimens which I saw being, if 

 my memory serves me right, some five or six feet long. 



86. Gymnosarda pelamys (L). 



Apost. 19 {Thynnus brachypterus) , f ofr/.wo^f and -f -/.o-wxi^ in the 

 Gulf of Volo. Ao-i/ya^ = a knocker, pounder, pestle. Aristotle 

 has o7>z/r>£9 (o/'z'J?), 543b 5. He says they spawn in the open sea. 



Athen. vii, 98, has vpxo'M)'? as name of a fish. " Dorio, in his work 

 on fishes, says that the opxov„t crossing over from the sea about the 

 Pillars of Hercules come into our waters, wherefore most are caught 

 in the Spanish and Tyrrhenian Seas (the sea west of Italy was 

 called Tyrrhenian). From there they scatter throughout the rest 

 of the (Mediterranean) sea. Hicesius says that those caught at 

 Gadeira (Gades, Spain) are fattest, and next to these, those caught 

 in Sicily; but those which are far from the Pillars of Hercules are 

 poor, because they have swum for a greater distance." Aelian, Nat. 

 An. i, 40, speaks of the o/r/jr^n^ as a monstrous (xr/TOJorj^^) fish very 

 skilful in getting the hook out of its mouth when caught. Accord- 

 ing to Sostratus, Athen. vii, 66, the o/>xmi/o9 is simply a Ow'^o^ grown 

 very large. So also Archestratus, Athen. vii, 63. 



87. Sarda sarda (L). II. llaAa/j.noa (^). 



Apost. 19 (Pelamys sarda), -aXa/jj'xJa. Aristotle has the name 

 TnjAa/zu?,— uo^>s^ 488a 6, 610b 6, 543a 1, 543b 2, 598a 26, 571a 19, 



'■'Probably meaning on what is their left as they go in ; for he proceeds to say 

 that some persons assigned as the reason for this that they have keener vision in 

 the right eye ihan the left, implying that they always keep the right eye towards 

 the land. 



