1892.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 257 



571a 11. The -rj^a/wSs^ are migratory and run in schools. The 

 Tzr^Xa/iudsg, OuvyiSc^ and a;j.{a'. run into the Pontus (Black Sea) in 

 the spring and pass the summer there, spawning about the mouths 

 of streams. The young of the (hr^'^Oh^ are of rapid growth. In 

 the autumn they go out of the Pontus with the ^'jwiVk? and are 

 then called <TX(>p(hj/Mc (or ayc;V?£9). The next spring they return, 

 being already grown to be -rj?M,'j.i)Se^. 



The general belief of the fishermen from whom Aristotle derived 

 his information seems to have been that the -7j/«,af';«ci- were simply 

 half-grown tunnies. The first year they were TxapdOXac, the second 

 year -rjXap.uds'^ and the third year Ouwtds^ or Onwoi. Athen. vii, 

 66, reports that Sostratus says the -ry/a,a'X- is called Omvi^, and 

 when it gets larger Oowo^, and still larger opy.u'M)^. Cf. Strabo 549, 

 xopdo'/.Ti^ Ob'r^r^, -■f^Xa.p.ix;. Pliny, 9, 47. 



Family CARANGIDJE. 



88. Trachurus trachurus (L). H. * Kovjil'. (J. 



Apost. 19 (Trachurtis trachurus'), (raupiot. ho/.dh in M. G. means 

 hone or little hone. Arist. (528a 9, 761a 21) uses /.ir/yuui'^ as name 

 of the snail. For ao-vpio'. see under Trachurus mediterraneus. 



89. Trachurus mediterraneus (Stemdachus). H. Io.opio'. Q,^ (To.ji.-ir^to'i (^^. 

 Not distinguished by Apostolides. r«u/jo9 = lizard, is used as 



name of a fish by Aristotle 610b 5. It is gregarious. In Athen. 

 vii, 120, the name is given as that of a fish, and it is substan- 

 tiated by several quotations, but nothing is given which would help 

 to identify the fish. Athen. vii, 122, says Speusippus represents the 



-/.i(jTpa, Ihkw-q and (Taopii (aCC. (laopioa?) as similar. laopiSi is a 



regular M. G. form of (jabpo'i. 



90. Decapterus suareus (Risso). H. '^ ho/jiX'. (^^. 



Apost. 20 (Caranx suareus), aaupio'. y.wriyo'i, hunter aaopH^i. 



91. Naucrates ductor (L). 



Apost. 20' (Naucrates ductor), f -/.ou/Myi>L>!:iK:. 



92. LicMa glauca (L). H, Atzffa Q. 

 Apost. 20 (Lichia glaucus), /.iraa. 



93. LicMa amia (L). 



Apost. 20 (Lichia amia), f r^-'f'f'y t yi'Jf'h"-, t r"!'-^'H>^, t ^-oofapi. 

 r6p.(po<i (a bolt, pin or spike) and its diminutive yop.edpuiv were 



