1892.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 259 



Family CEPOLID^. 



100. Cepola taenia (L). II. */:/>«<77a//;wa (J. 

 Apost. 22 (Cepola rubescens), '\ rfriizuuXa. 



The name Cepola tcenia has priority over C. rubescens. J. 



Family TRACHYPTERID^. 



101. Trachypterus spinolse (Cuv. &YaI). 

 Apost. 23. 



102. Trachypterus trachypterus (L). 

 Apost. 23 {Trachypterics falx). 



Family SERRANIDJE. 



103. Dicentrarchus labrax (L). H. Aaof>d/.c (^). 



Apost. 17 {Labrax lupus), la6f)dxt (for all species of this genus). 



Aristotle XdCpa^ 489b 26, 534a 9, 537a 27, 543a 1 b 11, 567a 19, 

 570b 20, 591a 11 b 18, 601b 29-31, 607b 26, 610b 10, 1530a 1-4. 



The IdCpa^ has scales and is oviparous, as all fishes with scales 

 are, is carnivorous, has two fins on its back and two on its belly, 

 has an especially acute sense of hearing, is often speared in day- 

 time while sleejiiug, spawns twice a year, once in summer and once 

 in winter, spawns chiefly " where rivers flow," has a stone in its 

 head, and in consequence of this is especially apt to suflTer in winter, 

 being frozen to death and cast ashore. They are not good for food 

 when pregnant. The labrax and cestreus, although most hostile 

 to one another, flock together at certain seasons. For frequently 

 not only those of the same species flock together but also those 

 Avhose food is the same or similar, if it is plenty. Athenaeus, vii, 

 86. The labrax has a tongue that is bony and grown fast, and a 

 triangular heart. It is the most intelligent of fishes, being quick to 

 see a means of escape. Its name is derived from /.dfjin)^, violent, 

 greedy. 



104. Dicentrarchus punctatus Bloch. 



Apost. 17 {Labrax piinctahis and L. lupaster). 



105. Serranus scriba (L). H. TUp/.a (J. 

 Apost. 17 {Serranus scriba), ~ip/.at. 



Aristotle -c>-/j, 505a 16, 508b 17, 568a 20 22, 599b 8, 1528a 12. 

 According to Aristotle the -ip-zr^ has four gills on a side, double 

 except the last, just as is true also in case of the y-iyj-q, yXd'^i^ and 



