262 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [1892. 



found in Aristotle. Vide sub S. rondeletti and S. vettda, Aposto- 

 lides 23. 



I/.aitoyaidapo is compounded of T/.dpo'i and M. G. ydidapu, donkey, 

 and meeins scarus-don key. 



115. Diplodus sargus (Gmelin). 



Apost. 23 (Sargiis rondeletti), cr-dpog. 



The specimen sold me as (x-dpo? was Diplodus vulgaris. I am 

 inclined to think that the names (rapyo^, fj/.dpoi^ and a-dpog are used 

 indiscriminately for any and all species of Diplodus. 



Aristotle, 508b 17, has (T-dpo<}, but a vario lectio is a/.dpo^;. He 

 says the (T-dpog (or (Txdpo? if we follow the other reading) has many 

 pyloric appendages. Athen. vii, 114, mentions the a-dpo's and cites 

 several passages from ancient writers in which the (T-dpog is named. 

 One is from Epicharmus, in which (r-dpoq can not be a mistake for 

 (i/.dpog, as both names occur connected by and, viz., " We fished for 

 a-dpui and (jy.dpii'.r Cf. also Athen. vii, 52. 



116. Diplodus vetula (Cuv. & Val.). 



Apost. 23 (Sargus vetula), f (r/.dpo^ cf. (Ty-apoyaioapo, D. vulgaris. 



I/.dpog is common in ancient writers. Arist. 1531a 28, 621b 16, 

 1531a 10-17, 505a 28, 662a 7, 505a 14, 508b 11, 591a 14, 508b 12 

 17, 591b 22, 675a 3, 1528a 32, 621b 15. 



According to Aristotle the (7/.dp<i<i has two gills on each side, one 

 single and the other double, has its stomach shaped exactly like 

 an intestine, seems to ruminate just as the quadrupeds do, is a bony 

 fish, is the only fish whose teeth are not sharp and pointed, and is 

 consequently with good reason held to be the only one that rumi- 

 nates. 



Athen. vii, 113, under n/.dpn<;, quotes Aristotle as saying that it is 

 (not) sharp-toothed, and solitary and carnivorous; it has a small 

 mouth and tongue, not grown fast much, etc. A passage plainly 

 corrupt. To make any sense out of it at all we must assume that 

 the negative near the beginning of the quotation has dropped out, 

 and replace it. Otherwise it contradicts what Aristotle has repeat- 

 edly said elsewhere, and even contradicts the latter part of the 

 passage itself, where it is said that the a/.dpoq is fond of seaweed 

 and is baited with this. 



The statement that the <T/.dpog chews its cud is made repeatedly in 

 Aristotle and other ancient writers. 



