26-i PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [1892. 



ifdyiws^ Aristotle 598a 13, 601b 30, 1529a 41, 1531a 37. The 

 (fdy/x)'} alternates between the open sea and near the shore, has a 

 stone in its head, and consequently suffers much in winter, is car- 

 nivorous, solitary, has a triangular heart, and is at its prime in 

 spring. 



Athen. vii, 133. Speusippus, in the second book of his " Eesem- 

 blances," says the ^dy/xi^, iiioHpi'^d^ and i'i~az<i'$ are similar. 



Latin Phager, phagrus, pager, pagrus ; hence, Spanish Purgo, 

 English Porgy, corrupted to Pogy. Plin. 32, 150, 9, 57, 32, 113. 

 Ovid. Hal. 107. See Bonitz's Index to Aristotle s. v. i/>'jf/fnv<»^, fin. 



Under one of my specimens I noted that the tips of scales and 

 ends of fins and tail Avere crimson. 



Aoi'^fH'/i is undoubtedly M. G. form of ipod-plvo'i. Ao&pr^i or /y"/- 

 P'.ydfn (Apostolides, bottom of p. 23) = IXuf^phtDv or khjiipv^dpup/, 

 diminutive of t/jjUpr^i^ = iput^pi'Mt^. The only possible question is 

 on the last equation. The interchange of the liquids I and r is, 

 however, a quite common phonetic phenomenon, though not, so 

 far as I know, occurring elsewhere in passing from A. G. to M. 

 G. Perhaps h'j^ypw, gore, is from IpoUpu^ and M. G. /Mf^ptdZu) = 

 epoi'ifndZu). 



The fish ipofi-p'vM}^ is frequently mentioned in Aristotle. 



Aristotle, 538a 19-21, 567a 27, 598a 13, 741a 36,750b 30, 755b 

 20, 760a 8, 1511b 37, 1528b 1, 1529a 39. 



According to Aristotle the ipod^pvM)'? is a j^elagic fish, and of both 

 it and the ydwrj the male had never been seen. He says the most 

 of the fishes are male and female, but concerning the ipoi'iprMi<} 

 and ydy^-q there is a doubt, for all which are caught have eggs 

 in them. Again he says of those called ipof^p'iyoi no male has 

 ever been seen, but only females, and these full of eggs. But we 

 have not yet trustworthy observation on this point. 



The name means red or reddish, and the color of the fish must 

 have justified the name. 



124. Sparus aurata (L). H. T(n--<iupa (j). 



Apost. 24 {Chrysophrys aurata and Chr. crassirostris), f /poa- 

 o<pa, zai-Tzobpa, j -/.oTda at Corfu, p.api(Ja at Missolonghi. Tffi-- 

 -oopa resembles somewhat the A. G. h-oopo?, horse-tail, which 

 Aristotle says has the most rapid growth of any fish. See Aris- 

 totle 543a 21 23, 599b 3. According to Cont. Lex. zal-wpa is a 



