1892.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 265 



M. G. name for the refuse of grapes when the juice has been 

 pressed out. For ;i.ainoa see Smaris. 



Xpoao(pa is perhaps the A. G. ypuaowfio^;. Aristotle 598a 10, 

 591b 9, 489b 26, 508b 20 21, 543b 3, 570a 20, 598a 21, 537a 28, 

 599b 33, 602a 11. The yj>!ja(><fpu<i (literally " golden brow") has 

 two fins on its back and two on its belly, has few pyloric appen- 

 dages, one more and another fewer, is frequently speared in the 

 day-time while sleeping, spawns chiefly where rivers flow, spawns 

 in the summer, is littoral, is found in the lagoons of the sea, 

 hibernates and suffers in winter. 



Alhen. iv, 13. Matro says: The //)'3<j-o^/)y9, which is the most 

 beautiful among all fishes. Athen. vii, 136. A large and favorite 

 food fish. 



125. Spondyliosoma cantharus (Gmelin). H. ^ Ixa^'Mpt (j). 



Apost. 24 {Cantharus griseiis and C. brama), f dayAd^apoii, -\ fiayi- 

 owi) in Corfu. I/.aHapi is the common name for Ccmiharns among 

 the men of the fish market. This is a clipped diminutive from 

 (Txd<'hxp(><i, (7v.atk'i.pi{<i'J). Such diminutives are exceedingly common 

 in the colloquial language of modern Greece, being diminutives in 

 form only, and not in meaning. 



lu modern Greek (T/.ri.Uapi>q and a/.fvAapix; means a beetle, just 

 as ancient y.d-Ahj.p»^ (see Contopoulos Lex. s. v.). So also M. G. 

 <r-/.dihLpn^, no doubt, equals ancient y.wAapo^ as name of a fish. For 

 initial ^ cf. {ly/.dpwji^ptiq and {a)/.i-apy<v> in Horn, where the fact 

 that a short vowel is not read long before these words shows that 

 they originally lacked the initial <r. Cf. also y.d-^ero<s for o-zaTrero?, 

 zvtV and ffzvjV', yj'j'^i^ and M. G. (T/.('r/r,, yn-zuj and M. G. Txn-~co, etc. 

 Forms with and without initial a before /7. are common, as /xjz//<59 

 and rTfj.i/.pO'f, ,'j.tAa^ and (t/j.I/mS, etc. For omission of the nasal 

 before a mute cf. yo/j.cdpc and ytufdpi. 



Arist. 598a 10, speaks of the y.d.'Aapo'i as a littoral fish of solid 

 flesh. According to Oppian it delights in rough rocks. Op. Hal. 

 iii, 340. 



126. Spondyliosoma orbiculare ( Cuv. k Val.). H. * ly.aMp: (^), * ffxd^a- 

 P"i G). 



Apost. 24 (^Cantharus orbicularis). Iy.aMp'. =r^ A. G. y.dvd^apo<5. 

 See under Spondyliosoma cantharus. 



127. Scatharus graecus (Cuv. & Val). II. Ixa&dp'. (J. 



Kot noticed bv Apostolides. 

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