1892.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 279 



adding to the rear and the tail as much fleshy substance as has 

 been subtracted in front." The [-idrpayuq is called the angler. He 

 fishes with the hair-like filaments bung before bis eyes. On the 

 end of each filament is a little knob just as if it had been placed 

 there for a bait. He makes a disturbance in sandy or muddy 

 places, hides himself and raises these filaments. When the little 

 fishes strike at them he leads them down with the filaments until he 

 brings them to his mouth. The i3dTf>o.y_(>i is one of the azhr/jj. All 

 the az/Ayq are viviparous or ovoviviparous except the iidrpayj>q. 

 The other flat a^hb/j] have their gills uncovered and underneath 

 them, but the ^drpayo^ has its gills on the side and covered with 

 skinny opercula, not with horny opercula like the fish which are 

 not asXaywdrj. Some fishes have the gall bladder upon the liver, 

 others have it upon the intestine, more or less remote from the liver 

 and attached to it by a duct. Such are [id-payoq, t)Mnl\ (TU'^ayin^, 

 (jp.hpav^a and '^icpia^. (Proved true of Lophius piscatorius by a 

 dissection by Dr. C. H. Gilbert.) The ftdrpayo^ is the only one of 

 the asXdyri which is oviparous. This is on account of the nature 

 of its body. For it has a head many times as large as the rest of 

 its body, and spiny and very rough. For this same reason it does 

 not afterwards admit its young into itself. The size and roughness 

 of the head prevents them both from coming out (i. e. being born 

 alive) and from going in (being taken into the mouth of the par- 

 ent). The fidzpayo^; is most prolific of the ff^Xdyrj, but they are 

 scarce because the eggs are easily destroyed, for it^lays them in a 

 bunch near the shore. 



