26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 



the last two segments are also white. The skin is beset all over 

 with tubercles, each ending in a long hair. 



When young the larva has not the colour so deep, and the 

 body often has a reddish tinge. With old larvae the colour of the 

 head varies very much : sometimes it is quite orange, at other 

 times almost black, and often the black mark on the vertex 

 is absent. 



The eggs are laid about the beginning of May, on the under 

 surface of the leaves of the wild rose, bramble, mountain ash, 

 pear, plum, and birch. When very young the larvae merely 

 devour the epidermis ; but, as they get older, eat large holes all 

 over the leaves, and frequently do very considerable damage to pear 

 and plum trees. From the spring brood the imagos come forth 

 in about five weeks after the laying of the eggs, the pupal state 

 lasting nine to ten days ; the second brood occurs in the autumn, 

 often as late as October.'^ Its manner of pupation does not differ 

 from the other species. When not feeding the larvae remain rolled 

 up into a ball on the under side of the leaf, and if touched they 

 drop at once to the ground. 



The pupa is greyish-white. 



Tryphon lucidulus and Ichneuies reunitor, Nees, are parasites on 

 the larvae. I have also found them infested with a Gord'ms. 



This is the most common of the British species of Cladius. It 

 occurs from the south of England to Sutherland. Northern speci- 

 mens are darker coloured than those from the south. I have 

 very rarely captured the aberration with white legs in Scotland. 

 In mountainous districts I have taken the species at an elevation 

 of about 2300 feet. Its distribution extends all over the European 

 Continent. 



7. Cladius brullaei. 



Cladius Brullei, Dahlb. Consp., 39 ; Thomson, Hym. Scand., 

 i., 75-7; Cameron, Ent. M. M., xii., 42. Friorpliorus gcniculatus, 

 Dahlb. Consp., 38. Cladius tristis, Zadd., Beschr., 11. 



Black; antennae a little longer than the abdomen, slightly 

 compressed, diminishing very noticeably in thickness towards the 

 apex, scarcely pilose, the third joint a little longer than the 

 fourth. Head shining, clothed with a fuscous pile ; epistoma 



* According to van VoUenhovoii there are f<jur generations in a year in 

 Holland. 



