94 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 



Three specimens presenting evidence of serious injury, tending 

 towards repair. Bulging longer than wide. 



Two specimens more advanced in the restorative process. 

 Bulging in a less degree — longer than wide. 



Two specimens presenting evidence of greater progress in repair. 

 Bulging longer than wide. 



One specimen all but sound after supposed injury. 



Two specimens without depression on any side, or any evidence 

 of disease except the swelling of the column. 



One specimen with two flattened sides, each perforated. 

 Swelling of column consequently peculiar. 



One specimen with little if any swelling, having a slightly 

 depressed side, and deep, oblong, clean, straight-edged hole, with 

 everted edges. 



One specimen with little swelling or depression, bearing strong 

 evidence of active local action towards healing. 



This seems to be an example, and the only one, of separation 

 of a side-arm. 



Two specimens ground down, one on the depressed side, the 

 other on the tumid side, to expose the central cavity, which, on 

 examination, does not seem to be involved. 



In these examples three additional features are presented 

 worthy of attention : 



1. The joints or ossicles of the column concerned in the en- 

 larged or swelled portion, are almost always thickened, which 

 necessarily produces elongation of the stem, and the surface 

 ornamentation, in several instances, is in larger characters and 

 more distinct than on the normal parts. 



2. Around the perforation, and on the depressed side, some 

 specimens seem stained, as if by colouring material (discharge?). 



3. An irregular or contorted state of the restored ossicles of 

 the column is observable where repair of injury is advanced, 

 or, indeed, in some instances throughout the entire process. 



These details may have been not a little tiresome; but the facts 

 being fairly presented, the deduction need not be tedious. 



liecalling to mind the phenomena attending necrosis, or 

 caries, or even fracture when defensive action is active, as well 

 as the more rare instances of adventitious structure, formed to 

 defend or support certain organs of animals against threatened 



