282 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 



PAPER READ. 



^^ The Avi-fauna of the Ural," translated from the Russian* of 

 Leonida Sabandeff, by Mr F. C. Craemers, and communicated 

 by Mr John A. Harvie-Brown, F.Z.S., M.B.O.U. 



The follomng translation from the Russian was prepared for 

 the private use of Mr H. E. Dresser, for quotation in his work on 

 the " Birds of Europe " ; and for Mr Henry Seebohm. To these 

 gentlemen the members of the Society are indebted for liberally 

 placing the MS. at their disposal. As it is the only full and 

 connected account we have of the birds of the district, it cannot 

 fail to have considerable interest to students of Geographical 

 Distribution. — J. A. H.-B. 



Gyps fulvus, (G-m.) Is a breeding " species as far as the 

 Kaslinsky Ural, and migrates sometimes as far north as 59° N. 

 lat. — Pavdinskaya Dacha. Russian, Bolshoy helogolovey hertuk. 



Falco subhuteo, L. Common everywhere, but is particularly 

 numerous in the birch woods on the western slopes of the 

 Ekaterinburg Ural. Bashkire, Belogorlek; Meschersky, Igalhai ; 

 Zirian, Kania-varish. 



Falco ijeregrinus, Tunstall. Inhabits only the mountains and 

 their valleys. Russ., Socol; Bashk, Etelge; (Pallas calls the female 

 by that name, but the male Shouhar. Voyages, T.S., fol. 25). 



Falco lanarius, L.t I found this species in the Ural as well as 

 in the steppes, but it is not so numerous as the preceding species. 

 In the Kamishloff and Shadrinsk districts, only this species 

 occurs. Bashk., Losson. 



Falco gyrfalco, L, Is not so common as the two preceding 

 species, being most numerous on the western slopes of the Ural 

 mountains, about Uffa and Chusova, and in the northern parts 

 of the Perm Ural. Russ., Kretchet, Beley Socol; Bashk. and 

 Ziridn, Pelk-varish. 



Falco aesaloriy Tunstall. Is rarer than F. suhhideo, and I never 

 observed it north of 57° K lat. J 



* " Preavaritelnoi Oscherk Faunoi Posvonoschnoech Slednyago OOrala," by 

 Leonida Sabaniieff (Bull. Mosc. xlii., 1870, pp. 185-197). 



1 1 believe this to be Falco sacer, not F. lanarms. — H. E. D. 



X It is very difficult to decide the question of how far north and south the 

 range of this species extends. It is not common in Central Riissia, although 

 it occasionallj'^ breeds in the Governments of Jaroslav and Moscow. Tej^lou- 

 hoff found it about b1}/ N. lat. Mejakoff (Bull. Mosc, 185G, No. iv., p. C27), 



