THE FAUNA OF SCOTLAND. 9 



sub-tribes, and in Australia the singular genus Perga. The 

 Lophyrides proper are attached to Coniferae. They are mostly Palae ■ 

 arctic and Nearctic, occurring rarely in the Oriental and Central 

 Indian sub-regions. Sub-tribes of it are found in the Neotropical 

 and Australian regions (Austro-Malayan). The Hylotomlna are 

 numerously represented in the Palaearctic, more rarely in the 

 Oriental, while they are exceedingly common in the Neotropical ; 

 but these belong mostly to different groups from the European. 

 Lyda is only found in the Palaearctic (where it extends into 

 China), and the Nearctic regions. The Ethiopian region appears 

 to be singularly poor in Tenthredinidae. Two species of Athcdia 

 are known from it (one being apparently our A. rosae), and on 

 the west coast a species is found with the neuration of Dineura, 

 but more of the form of BlennocamjM (Dlneura? africana, 

 Cam.) A few species of Hylotoma are found in the southern 

 sub-region. Dolerus is spread over the Nearctic, Palaearctic, and 

 Oriental regions. Of wide distribution of British species, may 

 be mentioned Hylotoma pagana in the Nearctic (?), Palaearctic 

 and Oriental regions, Athalia spinancm represented in the Oriental 

 by a distinct variety, and in the Manchurian sub-region of the 

 Palaearctic by another form, while A. rosae is found on the west 

 coast of Africa. Some of our species of Cimhex extend into North 

 America, and apparently some of the American species of Nematus 

 are merely climatic varieties of European species. Tenthredo 

 scalaris is a native of Japan. Besides Perga Australia has another 

 peculiar genus, Pterygopliorus. Another genus belonging to the 

 Australian region is Didynna, which has the alar neuration of 

 Nematus, and the ten-jointed sub-clavate antennae of Athalia. 

 Generally exotics differ from European species through having 

 the wings more or less banded with, or entirely, blue or bluish- 

 black, and the body metallic blue, green, or purple. Thus 

 Indian species of Tenthredo are more or less metallic, so are 

 Malayan species of the Selandriades. 



The Nematides are more confined to the northern regions than 

 almost any other sub-tribe, and also they appear to extend into a 

 higher latitude, five or six species being known from 

 Spitzbergen and Iceland. Mr Smith has ascribed a Cryptocampus 

 from the Malay Archipelago; but possibly it may not really 

 belong to this division, but rather to the Lophyrides. 



With regard to the Scottish Tenthredinidae, their general 



